Monuments — Spain — NextOnTrip

Badum Tower

Peníscola

Torre Badum is a 16th-century watchtower perched on a cliff inside the Serra d'Irta natural park, roughly 6 km south of central Peníscola in Castellón, Spain. Standing nearly 97 metres above the sea between the Volant ravine and Pebret beach, it's one of the most recognisable landmarks along this stretch of coast. Where does the tower come from? A fortified lookout first stood on this spot back in Arab times, but the structure visitors see today dates from a major rebuild in the mid-16th century, carried out under the reign of Charles V. A carved shield bearing the arms of the Kingdom of Valencia is inscribed with the year 1554, most likely marking the completion of that reconstruction. The name Badum itself comes from an Arabic term roughly meaning "permanent outpost," a fitting description of its original job: keeping constant watch over the sea. Why was it built? Torre Badum belonged to a chain of coastal watchtowers stretching along the Levantine and Balearic shores. Lookouts stationed here scanned the horizon for Barbary corsair ships, whose raids were a constant threat to coastal towns of the period. Whenever a suspicious vessel was spotted, smoke signals were sent up from the tower to alert neighbouring watchtowers and warn the residents of Peníscola's castle of approaching danger. What will you see there? The tower has a distinctive circular, truncated-cone shape — 5.75 metres in diameter at the base, narrowing to 5.25 metres at the top, and standing about 11 metres tall. It's built from stone using traditional masonry, giving it a solid, almost indestructible look. One quirky detail: there's no door at ground level. The original entrance was a window set well above the ground, reached by a ladder that defenders pulled up behind them once inside, cutting off access to any attacker. Traces of two machicolations survive at the top of the wall, and the tower also doubled as an artillery position. Torre Badum has been protected as a Site of Cultural Interest (Bien de Interés Cultural) since 1985, and visiting it costs nothing. How do you get there? The tower sits within the Serra d'Irta natural park, along a rugged, undeveloped stretch of coastline. The best way in is on foot or by bike, following the cliffside trail that links Peníscola with Pebret beach and the park's other coves further south. Expect steep sections and little shade, so bring water and proper walking shoes. When should you visit? Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable hiking conditions, with milder temperatures and a trail that isn't baking in direct sun. In summer, aim for early morning or late afternoon to dodge the peak heat, since most of the route is fully exposed. The viewpoint by the tower ranks among the most dramatic on the whole Serra d'Irta coastline, with sweeping views over the sea and cliffs that drop almost a hundred metres to the water. Frequently asked questions Is there an entry fee for Torre Badum? No, access to the tower and the entire natural park is free. Can you go inside the tower? The building is essentially an exterior monument — its original entrance through an elevated window was never designed for tourist access, so the main draw is admiring the architecture and the surrounding views rather than stepping inside. How long does the hike to the tower take? It depends on your starting point in Peníscola and chosen route, but a coastal walk out to the tower and back typically takes anywhere from about an hour to a few hours, depending on pace and any stops at beaches along the way. Why is it called Badum? The name comes from Arabic and refers to its role as a "permanent outpost" — a place of constant vigilance against threats from the sea that it maintained from medieval times onward.

Sobroso Castle

Mondariz

Sobroso Castle stands in the village of Vilasobroso, part of the municipality of Mondariz, in the province of Pontevedra, in Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The fortress sits on a rise overlooking the Tea river valley, surrounded by the rolling, wooded hills typical of inland Galicia. Where exactly is the castle located? Sobroso lies in the interior of Galicia, within the municipality of Mondariz — a town better known for its spa tradition and mineral waters than for mass tourism. The castle sits away from the region's busiest routes, so most visitors reach it as part of a longer stay in Pontevedra or a trip between Vigo and the inland countryside, rather than as a stand-alone destination from a major city. How do you get there? A car is the most practical option. The nearest larger hubs are Pontevedra and Vigo, both linked to Mondariz by regional roads through the interior of the province. The closest international airport is Vigo, from which the castle is a fairly short drive. Public transport in this part of Galicia is limited, so travelers without a car should plan on a bus to Mondariz followed by a local taxi or onward transfer. What is there to see? Sobroso is an example of Galician defensive architecture from the medieval period — a stone structure built into the natural shape of the terrain, with views stretching over the surrounding hills and the river valley below. The hilltop position, well away from any urban development, makes it easy to appreciate the strategic logic behind Galician castles of this kind, sited to watch over routes and river crossings in the countryside. A visit pairs naturally with a walk through the surrounding hills — the land around the fortress has kept its rural, largely undeveloped character, which is itself part of the appeal for travelers looking for the quieter, greener side of Galicia rather than the busier coast. When is the best time to visit? Galicia has an oceanic climate — mild year-round but prone to frequent rain. Spring (April to June) and early autumn (September to October) are the best windows: temperatures are comfortable and weather more stable than in winter, while the peak summer crowds and heat that build up along the Galician coast in July and August are avoided. Rain can arrive with little warning here, so it's worth checking the local forecast shortly before the trip. Who is this destination for? Sobroso appeals most to travelers with an interest in regional history and defensive architecture, and to anyone already planning a longer stay in Mondariz — for instance around a visit to its spa — who wants an additional stop within a short driving radius. It suits visitors drawn to quiet, scenic settings more than those looking for extensive visitor infrastructure or crowds. Frequently asked questions Where exactly is Sobroso Castle located? In the village of Vilasobroso, within the municipality of Mondariz, Pontevedra province, Galicia, in northwestern Spain. What's the best way to get to the castle? By car from Pontevedra or Vigo — the most practical choice given limited public transport in this part of the region. Vigo is the nearest airport. Is it worth combining with other nearby attractions? Yes — Mondariz is a well-known spa town, so a visit to the castle fits naturally into a longer, nature- and wellness-focused stay in inland Galicia. When should I plan my visit? Spring and early autumn offer the most reliable weather — milder and drier than winter, and cooler and quieter than the coastal summer peak.

Puente del Congosto Castle

Puente del Congosto

Castillo de Puente del Congosto is a medieval stronghold guarding the fortified bridge over the Tormes River, in the small village of Puente del Congosto in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León. Where did the castle come from? Construction began in 1393, commissioned by the knight Gil González Dávila after King Henry III of Castile granted him these lands. From that point the fortress became the seat of the Dávila family and the head of the Lordship of the Villa y Tierra de Puente del Congosto. After the Revolt of the Comuneros, the castle passed to the House of Alba in 1539 and remained in the family's hands until 1881, when the toll right collected at the nearby bridge was abolished and the property was sold — it has remained privately owned ever since. Two notable guests are linked to the castle's history: Queen Isabella I of Castile is said to have stayed within its walls, and in 1556 Emperor Charles V reportedly rested here on his journey to retire at the monastery of Yuste. What will you see on site? The castle stands on an escarpment above the Tormes riverbed and is made up of two defensive enclosures. The outer ring forms an irregular polygon built of rubble masonry, with a distinctive defensive tower topped with battlements. Inside stands a rectangular tower joined to a semicircular turret — a later addition — decorated with twin (geminate) windows and machicolations along the upper section of the walls. Right beside the fortress sits the village cemetery, giving the site a quiet, intimate atmosphere. Since the castle is privately owned, visits are in practice limited to viewing it from the outside and walking around its walls — and the view of the fortress from the riverbank is among the most photogenic in the region. An inseparable part of the ensemble is the neighboring fortified bridge, built in the 12th–13th centuries from ashlar and rubble masonry and founded directly on the granite bed of the Tormes River. Together, castle and bridge form a historic complex that was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural (cultural heritage asset) in the Conjunto Histórico category on 7 October 2019. How to get there? Puente del Congosto lies in a scenic stretch of the Sierras de Salamanca, along the historic route linking Ávila and Ciudad Rodrigo. The easiest way to arrive is by car — the village sits along a local road running through the Tormes valley, surrounded by the mountains and oak groves typical of the area. The castle is visible from a distance, dominating the riverbank and the entrance to the village. When to visit? Spring and early autumn are the best times to come, when temperatures in Castile and León are mild and the surrounding hills are green. Summers in this part of Salamanca can get very hot, while in winter morning mist often settles over the river and castle walls, making for striking, if chilly, photographs. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside the castle? No — the property has been privately owned since 1881, so visits are limited to viewing it from the outside and walking around the walls and bridge. Who built the castle? Construction began in 1393, commissioned by the knight Gil González Dávila after receiving the lands from King Henry III of Castile. Are the castle and bridge considered a single heritage site? Formally, yes — since 2019 both structures together form a historic complex (Conjunto Histórico) listed as a cultural heritage asset. What else is worth seeing besides the castle? The neighboring medieval fortified bridge over the Tormes, and the village of Puente del Congosto itself, picturesquely set in the Sierras de Salamanca.

Castell de Mont-roig

Darnius

Castell de Mont-roig is a ruined medieval castle perched above the town of Darnius, deep in the Alt Empordà region of Catalonia. It sits atop a 301-metre hill roughly 4 kilometres from the village, commanding one of the finest viewpoints in the area, overlooking the valleys of the Ricardell and Llobregat rivers. What will you see there? What remains today is a scattering of defensive wall sections and the traces of three towers. Some of the oldest stonework dates back to the Romanesque period, but most of the visible structure was rebuilt during the 17th and 18th centuries. The reddish tint of the stone and clay used in construction isn't accidental — it comes from the iron-rich soil of the hill itself, which also gave the castle its name: "Mont-roig" literally means "red mountain" in Catalan. Despite its modest size, the ruin makes an impression through sheer position: the castle dominates the surrounding valley, and the views from its walls stretch far into the Pyrenean foothills. The castle's history The earliest written mention of the fortress, under its Latin name Monte Rogo, dates back to 1070, though its early history remains sparsely documented. It belonged to the lords of Darnius and served as a watchtower controlling access to the valley below. A census from 1359 records eight families living within the castle grounds at the time, suggesting it functioned as more than a pure military outpost — it was also a small settlement. The fortress suffered serious damage in the 15th century, likely during one of the armed conflicts that repeatedly swept through Catalonia in that era, and was subsequently rebuilt and expanded. Its final decline came with the War of the Pyrenees (also known as the Guerra Gran) of 1793–1795, after which the castle was abandoned for good and left to gradually crumble into ruin. How to get there? Access is via a forest track connecting Darnius with the neighbouring village of Biure. Most of the route can be covered by car or bicycle, but the final stretch up to the ruins must be done on foot, as the terrain becomes steeper and rockier near the summit. Sturdy hiking shoes are worth packing, since the path is not fully paved. When to visit? Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, when temperatures across Alt Empordà are mild and visibility from the castle's viewpoint is at its clearest. In summer, an early start is advisable — the rocky approach and exposed hilltop heat up quickly under the Catalan sun, and there is little shade along the way. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee for the castle ruins? No, the site is freely accessible at any time, with no fees and no fixed opening hours. How long does it take to reach the summit? It depends on your starting point, but from Darnius, the walk one way — including the final on-foot section — typically takes around an hour, depending on fitness and pace. What exactly has survived from the original castle? Sections of defensive walls and the remains of three towers, some dating to the Romanesque period, though most of what stands today was rebuilt in the 17th and 18th centuries. Where does the name Mont-roig come from? From the reddish colour of the iron-rich clay and stone found on the hill where the castle stands — "mont-roig" means "red mountain" in Catalan.

Tower of Arroyomolinos

Arroyomolinos

Torreón de Arroyomolinos is a Gothic defensive tower standing in the historic center of Arroyomolinos, a small town in the Community of Madrid, right next to its Plaza Mayor. What is this tower and where does it come from? Construction began before 1476 under a builder named Juan de Oviedo, but work stalled amid the Castilian War of Succession (1475–1479). It was finally completed after 1478 by Gonzalo Chacón, lord of Casarrubios and chief steward (mayordomo mayor) to Infanta Isabella of Castile, once he had taken possession of the town. The coats of arms of the Catholic Monarchs and of Chacón himself still hang on the tower's walls, a direct physical link to that turbulent period. Locally the tower is also known as Torre del Pan, and it was originally part of a larger fortified complex once called Castillo del Pan. Its purpose, though, was not purely military: the tower was built chiefly to control the system of water mills operating on the Arroyo de los Combos stream, whose use was a frequent source of disputes among the local nobility. What does the structure look like? The tower has a rectangular floor plan of roughly 9 by 12 metres with rounded corners, and rises across five floors. It was originally ringed by a defensive wall and a moat 5 metres deep and 10 metres wide — the moat is no longer visible today, but the tower itself has survived in good condition and still cuts an imposing figure over the small town around it. Around the turn of the 20th century the building lost its military role and took on practical, everyday uses: its lower two floors served as a grain store, while the upper three were converted into a dovecote. In 2003 the Community of Madrid carried out archaeological excavations and a thorough restoration, after which the Torreón was added to the region's Network of Visitable Archaeological Sites. How do you get there? Arroyomolinos sits in the southwestern part of the greater Madrid area, roughly 25–30 km from the capital's centre. Driving is the most convenient option, since the town connects well to the motorways heading toward Madrid and Toledo. The tower stands in the historic centre, surrounded by a landscaped green area right next to Plaza Mayor, so once you reach the town centre — whether on foot, from the bus station, or from parking near the main square — it's easy to find. What will you see on site? The tower is set within an open, freely accessible green space, so you can walk all the way around it and view it from every angle at no cost and with no fixed opening hours — the surrounding park is simply open. It makes for a pleasant short stop combined with a walk through the rest of Arroyomolinos's historic centre, including the nearby Plaza Mayor. The town council and the Community of Madrid also have a project underway to convert the tower's interior into a cultural centre, which could open up indoor visits in the future. When should you visit? Since the site is essentially an open-air park with no covered exhibits, spring or autumn are the most comfortable seasons, avoiding the region's hot summer peaks. The tower itself is accessible year-round, at any time of day. Frequently asked questions When was the Torreón de Arroyomolinos built? It dates to the second half of the 15th century — construction began before 1476 and was finished after 1478. Is there an entrance fee? No, the park surrounding the tower is freely accessible with no set opening hours. Why was it called Castillo del Pan? The name reflects the tower's original role in controlling nearby mills on the Arroyo de los Combos stream. Can you go inside the tower? The interior is not currently open to regular visits, though a project to turn it into a cultural centre is underway.

Castillo de Altamira

Monteagudo de las Vicarías

Castillo de Altamira stands on a hilltop above the small town of Monteagudo de las Vicarías in the province of Soria, sharing its elevated site with the town's old walled settlement. The castle sits within an area historically known as "La Raya" — the medieval frontier between the kingdoms of Aragón and Castile — a position that shaped its strategic importance for centuries. What is the history behind the castle? The current structure was commissioned by Juan Hurtado de Mendoza in the first half of the 15th century, built over an earlier fortress on the same site. For generations it played a key role in the border conflicts between Aragonese and Castilian forces fighting for control of the frontier. One notable episode dates to the civil war between Pedro I and Enrique de Trastámara, when the castle was handed over to the French commander Bertrand du Guesclin as a reward for his military support during the conflict. The building was officially declared a historic monument on April 22, 1949. What will you see on site? Castillo de Altamira has the layout of an irregular pentagon and blends Gothic and Renaissance features. Its polygonal walls are reinforced with angled towers, and the main gate is decorated with the heraldic shields of the Mendoza and Enríquez families, who once held the fortress. An octagonal keep rises above the whole complex, visible from a distance over the rooftops of the town. Inside, an elegant Renaissance courtyard with arched galleries organizes the living spaces, while the walls still preserve their crenellations and pointed archways, both refreshed during recent restoration work. Since August 2021, the castle has housed the Castillo Museo de Monteagudo de las Vicarías, a museum hosting art exhibitions and cultural events — giving visitors a reason to step inside rather than just admire the walls from outside. How do you get there and when should you visit? Monteagudo de las Vicarías lies in the northeastern part of Soria province, close to the border with Aragón, fitting neatly with the castle's historical role as a frontier stronghold. Driving is the most practical way to arrive, since this is a small town with no train service and limited bus connections. The castle is municipal property, and admission is free but requires a prior request through the town hall (Ayuntamiento de Monteagudo de las Vicarías). It's worth calling ahead to arrange a convenient time for your visit. Spring and early autumn are the best seasons to come, when temperatures on this high Soria borderland are milder than in peak summer and the surrounding countryside looks its most scenic. Frequently asked questions Is entry to the castle free? Yes, admission is free, but you need to request a visit in advance through the Monteagudo de las Vicarías town hall. Who built Castillo de Altamira? The castle in its present form was built by Juan Hurtado de Mendoza in the first half of the 15th century, on top of an earlier fortification. What can you see inside the castle? A Renaissance courtyard with galleries, the distinctive octagonal keep, and the exhibitions of the Castillo Museo, which has operated inside the castle since 2021. Are there other sights worth visiting nearby? Monteagudo de las Vicarías itself still preserves sections of its town walls and the historic layout of a medieval border settlement, worth combining with a castle visit.

Castell de Borriol

Borriol

Castell de Borriol is a medieval fortress perched above the town of Borriol in the province of Castellón, in Spain's Valencian Community. Its ruins sit on a rocky ridge roughly 330 metres above sea level, surrounded by steep slopes that have made the site naturally defensible for centuries. Where did the castle come from? Historians believe a Roman watchtower once stood on this spot, linked visually to other lookout points in the area and tasked with guarding the nearby Via Augusta, the main road connecting Rome with the Iberian Peninsula. The fortress as it stands today, however, dates from the Moorish period, when it served as a key defensive stronghold for the region. How did ownership of the castle change over time? Borriol was reconquered from Muslim rule in 1233, and in 1252 King James I of Aragon granted it to the Aragonese military leader Ximén Pérez de Arenós, establishing the barony of Borriol. Two years earlier, in 1250, the same king had granted the town its founding charter (carta puebla). The castle later belonged to the Bishop of Tortosa, Poncio de Torrelles. Over the following centuries it changed hands repeatedly: the Boil y Thous family held it in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Casalduch family in the 16th, and the Boil de Arenós line again in the 17th. Its walls also witnessed armed clashes during the 19th-century Carlist Wars. What will you see on site? The castle follows an irregular, five-sided plan covering around 392 square metres. This is where the fortress's main rooms and its water cisterns (aljibes) were located — essential for surviving sieges on a dry, rocky summit. Today the site stands in ruins, though sections of the walls remain upright, letting visitors trace the outline of the original fortifications. From the ridge, wide views stretch across the valley and the surrounding hills of Castellón province. How do you get there? Borriol sits right next to Castellón de la Plana, just a short drive from the provincial capital. A walking trail leads from the town centre up to the rocky ridge where the castle stands — the climb is steep, so comfortable footwear and water are worth packing, especially in summer. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons, offering milder temperatures and a less exhausting climb than in the height of summer. Morning hours also give the best light for photos and help visitors avoid the midday heat on the rocky path. Frequently asked questions Is Borriol Castle open to visitors? The ruins are freely accessible — there's no fence or entry ticket. It's an open historical viewpoint reached via a hiking trail from town. How long does the climb to the castle take? Depending on fitness and pace, the walk up from central Borriol usually takes between 20 and 40 minutes one way. Is it worth combining the castle with the rest of Borriol? Yes — the town is known for its Moreria quarter (the former Moorish district) and local festivals, making the castle climb a natural addition to a stroll through the centre. Does the site have visitor facilities like parking or restrooms? The town of Borriol at the foot of the hill has basic tourist amenities and parking, but the summit and the castle ruins themselves have no infrastructure, so plan accordingly.

Castle of Coria

Coria

Castillo de Coria (Castle of the Dukes of Alba) is a Gothic-Renaissance fortress in Coria, in the province of Cáceres in Extremadura, rising above the Alagón river valley. Its interior is closed to visitors, but the castle's silhouette — dominated by an unusual five-sided tower — remains one of the most recognizable landmarks in the region. How was the castle built? The current structure replaced an earlier fortification raised by the Templars in the 12th century, on the northwestern stretch of the town's walls, which date back to Roman times. The castle itself was built between 1473 and 1478 at the order of García Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba and first Marquis of Coria, with the architect Juan Carrera overseeing construction. The project was meant to display the power of the House of Alba, which ruled the town, while reinforcing the defenses of this part of Extremadura. What will you see on site? The heart of the complex is the Torre del Homenaje, a keep with an irregular pentagonal floor plan shaped like a ship's prow cutting through water — an unusual solution rarely seen elsewhere in Spanish military architecture. Its walls are built from precisely cut granite ashlar, and the top is crowned with battlements and semicircular watch turrets (garitones) that give the tower a clearly defensive profile. Attached to the keep is the so-called Castillejo, a smaller walled section housing a recessed entrance that once had a drawbridge, further guarded by a round bastion. From the upper levels of the tower, the views stretch across Coria and the Vegas del Alagón, the fertile lowlands along the river that have supplied the town for centuries. The castle was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural (Site of Cultural Interest) in 1989, confirming its standing within Spain's protected architectural heritage. It's worth knowing before you go that the castle remains private property and its interior cannot currently be visited — only the exterior is accessible. In 2017, a local group, the Asociación Amigos del Castillo de Coria, was formed with the goal of restoring the building and eventually opening it to the public, so it's worth checking local sources for updates before a trip. How to get there and when to visit? Coria sits in the northwestern part of Cáceres province, in Extremadura, close to the Portuguese border. The easiest way to arrive is by car — the town has good road links to Cáceres and Salamanca, and the nearest airports are in Madrid and Badajoz. The castle stands within the old town, right against the defensive walls, so it's best to park on the edge of the historic center and continue on foot. Seeing the castle exterior on its own takes about half an hour, but it pairs naturally with a walk along the town walls, a visit to the cathedral, and a look at the Roman bridge over the now-dry bed of the Alagón — together these easily fill a morning or an afternoon. Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, since summer temperatures in Extremadura can climb well past comfortable levels. Frequently asked questions Can you visit the inside of Castillo de Coria? No — the castle is privately owned and its interior is closed to the public. It can only be viewed from the outside, though a local association founded in 2017 is working toward opening it for visits. What makes the castle's architecture distinctive? The irregular pentagonal shape of the Torre del Homenaje, resembling a ship's prow — a rare design in Spanish defensive architecture, built in carved granite between 1473 and 1478. Who built the castle and why? It was commissioned by García Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba and first Marquis of Coria, to project the power of his house and strengthen the town's defenses, replacing an earlier Templar fortification. How much time should I set aside for the castle and its surroundings? Viewing the castle from outside takes roughly half an hour, but combined with a walk along Coria's walls, the cathedral, and the Roman bridge, it's worth planning for half a day.

Cea Castle

Cea

Castillo de Cea stands on a hilltop overlooking the small town of Cea, in the province of León, in the Castile and León region of Spain. Only a fraction of the original stronghold survives today, but the ruins still dominate the village skyline above the Cea River. What will you see there? The site's history stretches back well before the castle itself: the earliest defensive structure on this hill was a pre-Roman castro, a fortified settlement. A later fortification was built on the same spot and destroyed in the 12th century, and the structure known today as Castillo de Cea was ultimately raised in its final form in the 15th century. For generations, the fortress belonged to some of the most prominent noble families in Spain, including the Dukes of Alburquerque and the Núñez de Guzmán family; the Dukes of Lerma and the lords of Cea also held the castle at various points. It remained in noble hands without major upheaval until the local seigneury was dissolved in the 17th century. Ironically, the castle's real downfall came not from war but from village construction needs: in the early 20th century, stone from its walls was quarried to build a new parish church in Cea, which sealed the fortress's ruin. What remains today is a tower, part of the entrance gate, and sections of wall on the north and west sides, still crowned with battlements. Traces of the old moat that once protected the entrance are also visible around the site. The ruins are now owned by the Cea town council, which carried out conservation work in 2015 to stop further deterioration. Visits are free, and the site offers open views over the Cea valley and the bridge crossing the river below. How do you get there? Cea sits in the southeastern part of León province, with the river as its natural landmark. The castle occupies a hill right at the edge of the village, so it's just a short walk from the main square. Since Cea isn't directly on a major highway, arriving by car is the most practical option — the town is well connected to nearby centers in the León province road network. When should you visit? Spring and early autumn are the best seasons, offering mild temperatures and the most scenic light over the surrounding hills and river valley. In summer, plan your visit for the morning: the ruins sit on open, unshaded ground, so the midday sun can make walking around the site uncomfortable. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee? No. The ruins belong to the Cea town council and can be visited free of charge, with no fixed opening hours. What exactly has survived from the castle? A tower, part of the entrance gate, and stretches of the north and west walls with visible battlements, along with traces of the old moat. Why did the castle fall into ruin? The turning point came in the early 20th century, when stone from its walls was used to build the village's new church. Who owned the castle historically? It passed through the hands of major noble houses, including the Dukes of Alburquerque, the Núñez de Guzmán family, and the Dukes of Lerma, and earlier served as the seat of the lords of Cea.

Castell de Sarroca

Sarroca de Lleida

Castell de Sarroca stands in ruins above the village of Sarroca de Lleida, in the Segrià county of Lleida province, Catalonia. Recognized as a cultural asset of national interest, the fortress still draws visitors for its gothic tower with pointed-arch windows and its commanding position over the surrounding plain. Where does the castle come from? Some historians trace the first fortification on this hill back to the Islamic period, while others argue the surviving structure is later, based on its building style. The village itself appears in written records from the 13th century, and the castle is documented from 1280 onward, with the fortress reaching its medieval form by the mid-14th century. How did the castle change hands over time? In 1357, King Peter the Ceremonious sold full jurisdiction over the Sarroca castle to Francesc de Santcliment, a transaction that formalized a feudal authority the Santcliment family already held over these lands. The building was enlarged and altered again during the 14th century, and once more in the 17th century, leaving a mix of defensive stonework and later gothic detailing. Why does this castle matter? Sarroca's castle ranks as the most significant fortress in the Segrià county, second only to those of the city of Lleida itself. That standing comes from its position on the old road linking Lleida with Tortosa, a route that carried trade and troop movements for centuries. Walking up to the ruins today still rewards visitors with wide views over the Segrià plain. What will you see on site? The most recognizable feature is the tower with its pointed gothic windows, a legacy of one of the later building phases. The surrounding walls, though partly collapsed, still trace the original perimeter and give a clear sense of how the fortress was laid out for defense. In recent years, the Lleida provincial council has carried out consolidation work to protect the most fragile sections of the walls from further collapse. How do you get there? Sarroca de Lleida sits within the Segrià county, close to the main roads connecting Lleida with southern Catalonia. A local road and a short walking path lead up to the castle hill from the village; the climb is brief but steep, so comfortable footwear is worth packing. Lleida city makes the most practical base, with the site only a short drive away. When should you visit? Because the ruins offer little shade, spring and autumn bring the most comfortable temperatures for exploring the site. In summer, aim for early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat that builds up across inland Catalonia during the day. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside the Castell de Sarroca? The site is a ruin under conservation, so access is generally limited to viewing the walls and tower from the surrounding area rather than entering enclosed spaces. How old is the castle? Documented history goes back to 1280, though a fortification may have stood on the hill earlier; its present form comes from rebuilding in the 14th and 17th centuries. Why is this castle important to the Segrià region? Its position on the historic Lleida–Tortosa road made it the county's most important stronghold after the castles of Lleida city itself. Who controlled the castle in the Middle Ages? From 1357, the Santcliment family held jurisdiction over the castle after King Peter the Ceremonious formally sold them the rights to the territory.

Castillo de Argüeso

Hermandad de Campoo de Suso

Castillo de Argüeso (also known as Castillo de San Vicente) is a medieval stronghold crowning a low hill in the village of Argüeso, within the municipality of Hermandad de Campoo de Suso in southern Cantabria, not far from the springs of the Ebro river. Its two stone towers, joined by a later wing, dominate the surrounding Campoo valleys — one of the best-preserved castles in the region, yet still off the radar for most visitors from outside Cantabria. How do you get there? Argüeso sits inland, along the route linking Reinosa with the upper Ebro valleys, a short detour from the main regional roads. A car is the practical option: the nearest sizeable town is Reinosa, from which the castle is reached in a short drive through the scattered villages of Campoo de Suso. The fortress is visible from the approach road well before you arrive, and there is a small parking area at the foot of the hill. What will you see? Long before the castle existed, the same hill held a 9th-century hermitage dedicated to Saint Vincent, together with an early medieval necropolis dating to the 9th and 10th centuries — traces uncovered by later archaeological work. The castle itself rose in stages across three centuries: the right-hand tower dates from the 13th century, the left-hand one from the 14th, and only in the 15th century was a connecting body added between them, along with the surrounding defensive wall. This piecemeal construction gives the building a layered profile quite different from castles raised in a single campaign — you can read the centuries in its stonework. The fortress belonged to the House of Vega, and in the following generation, through the marriage of Leonor de la Vega to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, it passed into the hands of the Mendoza family, one of the most powerful noble houses of medieval Castile. In 1475 the estate was elevated into the Marquisate of Argüeso, a mark of the standing this castle held within the region's feudal hierarchy. After centuries of neglect, the castle underwent a thorough restoration: work began in 1988 with support from the Cantabrian regional government, and the site opened to visitors in August 1999. Today you can walk the courtyard and step inside the towers, examine the walls up close, and take in views over the surrounding hills of the Campoo valley. The castle was declared a Bien de Interés Cultural (Spain's highest heritage protection category) in 1983, confirming its historical value on a national scale. When should you visit? Late spring and summer are the best times, with long daylight hours and dry, easily passable mountain approach roads. Early autumn tends to be quieter than summer while still warm enough for a comfortable walk around the site. In winter, expect colder temperatures and occasionally trickier driving conditions typical of inland Cantabria. Frequently asked questions Is Castillo de Argüeso open to visitors? Yes, the castle has welcomed visitors since 1999, following restoration work that began in 1988. It's worth checking current opening hours before you go, as they can vary by season. How old are the towers? The two towers were built at different times — the right-hand one in the 13th century and the left-hand one in the 14th century — with the connecting body and surrounding wall added in the 15th century. Who owned the castle historically? It originally belonged to the House of Vega, then passed to the House of Mendoza through the marriage of Leonor de la Vega to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza; in 1475 the estate became the Marquisate of Argüeso. What stood on the hill before the castle was built? A 9th-century hermitage dedicated to Saint Vincent, along with an early medieval necropolis from the 9th and 10th centuries, occupied the site before the fortress was raised.

Bolera de los Moros Archaeological

Peñarrubia

Bolera de los Moros is a medieval fortress ruin crowning Monte Santa Catalina in the municipality of Peñarrubia, Cantabria, right above the village of Piñeres. Also known as Castillo de Piñeres or Castillo de Santa Catalina, it ranks among the most intriguing archaeological sites in this stretch of northern Spain. What is this site? The stronghold was built sometime between the 8th and 12th centuries and functioned as a watchpost guarding access from the coast. Excavations led by archaeologist Pedro Sarabia uncovered a trapezoidal tower, an oval watchtower roughly 10 by 6 meters across, a walled courtyard, and the stone foundations of a small chapel dedicated to Saint Catherine. The structures were built from local limestone bonded with lime mortar. Digs at the site turned up bones, metal objects, and pottery, including fragments decorated with comb-impressed patterns typical of the repoblación period. These finds confirm the fortress was inhabited and used across several centuries. The name "Bolera de los Moros" — literally "the Moors' bowling green" — comes from the shape of the terrain, which resembles a bowling lane, and has inspired local legends about golden bowling balls once used by the hill's early inhabitants. Why visit? The site sits close to the church of Santa María de Lebeña and the Cueva de la Mora (Moorish Woman's Cave). This proximity has led researchers to suggest the area may have sheltered Christian refugees fleeing the Islamized territories of southern Iberia. For visitors, that means the ruins can easily be combined with a short walk through one of the historically richest corners of the Liébana valley. The hilltop itself also rewards visitors with sweeping views over the surrounding hills and valley, making it appealing to history buffs and hikers alike. How do you get there? Monte Santa Catalina rises above the village of Piñeres, within the Peñarrubia municipality. Parking and trail signage are available near the site. Reaching the ruins requires a short but steep walk up from the village, so sturdy footwear is recommended. What will you see on site? Across roughly 300 square meters, visitors can make out exposed sections of the defensive walls, the outline of the tower and watchtower, and the stone foundations of the former chapel. The area was cleared and prepared for public visits following excavation work completed in 1999, so the layout of the old fortress is legible even without archaeological training. When is the best time to visit? Since the site is exposed and unsheltered on an open hilltop, spring and summer are the most comfortable seasons, when Cantabria's weather favors longer walks and clear views. In autumn and winter the ground can turn damp and slippery, which is worth factoring into your plans. Protection and status The area was first protected as an archaeological zone in 1949 and formally declared a "bien de interés cultural" (cultural heritage site) in 1985 under law 16/1985. This status underlines the site's importance to regional history and ensures its preservation for future visitors. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee? The site is an open-air archaeological zone with free access, though it's worth checking current local information before your visit. How long does a visit take? Given the modest size of the ruins (about 300 m²), a visit including the walk up typically takes 45 minutes to an hour and a half. Is the route suitable for children? The climb is short but requires sturdy shoes and care on uneven ground, especially after rain. What else can I combine with this visit? The nearby church of Santa María de Lebeña and the Cueva de la Mora both pair well with a historical day out in the Liébana valley.

Castell de Sant Esteve de Mar

Palamós

Castell de Sant Esteve de Mar is a ruined medieval watchtower castle perched on the cliffs above Palamós, on Spain's Costa Brava. What remains today are scattered stone foundations of a few towers and stretches of defensive wall, sitting right where the rocky shoreline drops into the Mediterranean, between two of the area's most popular coves — La Fosca and Cala s'Alguer. There's no ticket booth or restored interior to walk through here — it's a scenic stop along a coastal path rather than a museum-style monument. What will you actually see? Only the base of a handful of towers and some wall sections have survived the centuries of sea wind and cliff erosion, and the whole site is fenced off, so you can't climb among the stones or step inside what's left of the towers. Viewing happens from outside, along the adjoining path. The real draw isn't the architecture itself but the setting: open sea views, a jagged coastline, and the pine grove that frames the ruins on a small headland between two beaches. How do you get there? The easiest approach is on foot, along the path connecting La Fosca beach to Cala s'Alguer — a short but scenic stretch of cliffside trail with the castle ruins as a natural midpoint between the two coves. This same section forms part of the GR 92, the long-distance footpath that runs along the entire Catalan coast, so it's just as easy to reach it as part of a longer hike as it is on a short stroll from central Palamós. If you're driving, the practical option is to park near La Fosca or S'Alguer and walk the rest of the way — there's no direct vehicle access to the ruins themselves. When's the best time to visit? Since the path offers little shade, early morning or late afternoon make for the most comfortable walk, especially in summer when the cliffs can get quite hot under direct sun. Spring and autumn bring milder temperatures and noticeably fewer people on the trail, which makes for calmer sightseeing. Sunset over the cliff, with the castle ruins in the foreground, is one of the most photographed moments along this stretch of the Costa Brava. What else can you combine it with? Because the ruins sit exactly between two beaches, pairing a short stop here with a swim is the obvious plan — La Fosca has a wider stretch of sand and fuller beach facilities, while Cala s'Alguer is a smaller, quieter cove lined with old fishermen's cottages. The path also works well as part of a longer coastal walk toward central Palamós, where the harbor and seafront promenade offer restaurants serving local seafood. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside the castle ruins? No — the site is fenced off and protected from entry, so viewing is limited to the outside, from the adjoining path. Is there an entrance fee? No, the site is open and free to access — it's a stop along a public coastal path, not a ticketed attraction. How long does it take to reach the ruins? From the path between La Fosca and Cala s'Alguer, it's usually a walk of just a few minutes, depending on your starting point. Is the walk suitable for children? The path is short and not technically demanding, but it runs along a cliff edge, so care is needed near the drop-offs, especially with young children.

Castillo de Boltaña

Boltaña

Castillo de Boltaña is a ruined medieval castle perched on a hill directly above the town of Boltaña, in the heart of Sobrarbe in the Aragonese Pyrenees. From its walls and tower, visitors look out over the Ara river valley and the surrounding peaks, making it one of the best viewpoints in the area. What is the history behind the castle? The fortress took shape at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, reaching its definitive form after 1017 through work carried out by Lombard master builders and local craftsmen trained in that tradition. Together with the castle of Abizanda, Boltaña's fortress is one of the few in Sobrarbe to preserve a complete defensive perimeter wall alongside decorative details shared between the two sites, both built in the Lombard-Romanesque style. It is considered one of the first Christian strongholds raised in the region after it was reclaimed from Muslim rule. In 1036, King Ramiro I placed the castle under the command of the tenant Sancho Galíndez, who reinforced its fortifications and oversaw them until 1080. From the mid-12th century onward the stronghold gradually lost its strategic importance, and by the early 15th century it was already largely in ruins. The castle continued to decay for centuries until recent conservation work stabilized part of the walls and made it safe to climb the keep. What will you see on site? Castillo de Boltaña is a classic defensive complex made up of an enclosing wall and a watchtower, or keep. Its layout is irregular — a rectangle that narrows toward the section where the tower stands. Although the structure is in ruins, the outline of the former courtyard and stretches of the perimeter wall are still clearly visible. The restored keep can be climbed and rewards visitors with a sweeping view over the rooftops of Boltaña, the Ara valley, and the surrounding Pyrenean ridgeline. The castle also carries a local legend: residents say witches once gathered here for nocturnal covens, known as aquelarres, and that a well within the walls was believed to lead straight down to the waters of the river. How do you get to the castle? A short but steep footpath leads up to the ruins, starting from Boltaña's main square. The one-way walk usually takes 15 to 20 minutes and requires no special preparation beyond sturdy footwear. Many visitors combine the climb with a visit to the nearby hermitages of Santa Lucía, Santa Bárbara, San Sebastián, and San Andrés, each offering additional viewpoints along the way. When is the best time to visit? Spring and early autumn are the best seasons to climb up to the castle, when Pyrenean temperatures are mild and views over the valley are especially clear. In summer, an early morning walk helps avoid the midday heat, while in winter the path can be slippery, so footwear with good grip is essential. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee for the castle? No, access to the ruins and the tower is free and possible year-round. How long does a visit take? The walk up and back takes about 30 to 40 minutes; allow closer to an hour if you plan to linger at the tower and take in the views. Is the castle accessible for children or older visitors? The path is short but steep and uneven in places, so caution is advised; it is not suitable for strollers or visitors with limited mobility. Is it worth combining the visit with other sights in Boltaña? Yes — alongside the castle, the town's historic center and the nearby hermitages mentioned above form a complete walking route through historic Boltaña.

Castle of Xinquer

Alcudia de Veo

Castell de Xinquer (Castle of Xinquer) is a ruined medieval fortress in the municipality of Alcudia de Veo, deep in the Sierra de Espadán mountains of Castellón province. The castle sits atop a rocky outcrop right next to the abandoned hamlet of Xinquer, surrounded by the cork oak and pine woodlands that define this mountain range. What will you see there? Only fragments of the perimeter walls and the remains of two towers survive from the original fortification. The structure is heavily deteriorated and overgrown, giving it a wild, atmospheric character — this is a site for travelers who enjoy discovering ruins in a raw natural setting rather than a polished, restored monument. The layout follows the pattern typical of Muslim-era defensive forts in the region, though its exact construction date and building phases remain uncertain due to the scarcity of written records about it. The castle once served a defensive role, watching over the valley and the routes running through the Sierra de Espadán. From its position, the views stretch across surrounding ravines and forested slopes, rewarding the effort of the climb up. The history behind the ruins The hamlet of Xinquer, next to which the castle stands, was once a Muslim alquería — a small farming settlement whose name derives from a word meaning shed or granary. After the expulsion of the Moriscos in the 17th century, the site was occupied intermittently by Christian settlers, though it never regained its former importance. It was finally abandoned during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), and both the hamlet and the castle it once protected have been crumbling into ruin ever since. Today it stands as a quiet testament to centuries of settlement in the Sierra de Espadán — a region where Muslim-era roots remain more visible in the cultural landscape than in many other parts of Spain. How do you get there? A forest track in good condition branches off the road connecting Alcudia de Veo and Algimia de Almonacid, leading toward the site. From there, the final stretch must be covered on foot along a mountain path — plan for at least an hour's walk one way, depending on your fitness and starting point. Sturdy hiking boots are essential, as the terrain is rocky and uneven. When should you visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons, when temperatures in the Sierra de Espadán stay mild and the trails through the cork oak forests are at their most scenic. Summer heat in this part of Castellón can be intense, so it's worth setting out early in the morning and bringing plenty of water — there are no supply points along the way. Frequently asked questions Is there an entry fee for the castle? No, it's an open mountain site, freely accessible with no fees and no set visiting hours. Is the castle well preserved? No — only fragments of the walls and two towers remain. The structure is in ruins and heavily covered by vegetation. Where does the name Xinquer come from? It comes from the former Muslim hamlet (alquería) that stood beside the castle, finally abandoned during the Spanish Civil War. Is the route to the castle difficult? You can drive as far as the forest track, but the rest of the way is on foot along a mountain path — reasonable fitness and proper footwear are needed for the uneven terrain.

Castell del Brull

el Brull

Castell del Brull is a medieval castle ruin perched on a hill in the municipality of El Brull, in the Osona region, at the northern foot of the Montseny massif in Catalonia. Little remains today beyond sections of wall and towers, but its unusual pentagonal layout and history stretching back over nine centuries make it a rewarding stop for anyone exploring the area. Where does this fortress come from? The castle is first documented in 1071, and for the following two centuries it belonged to the counts of Osona, a lineage that later took the name and title of Cardona. Once that family moved its main seat to Cardona, they sold the castle along with the territory of Brull to the bishop and cathedral chapter of Vic, in transactions dated 1266 and 1271. From the 14th century until 1812, the bishops of Vic held Brull as its lords and barons, turning the site into a significant administrative center for the region during that long stretch. What will you see there? The castle was built on a pentagonal plan, with a tower at each of its five corners — an unusual design among Catalan fortresses of the period. Historians identify two building phases, dated to the 12th and 13th centuries. In the earlier phase, the walls were raised from blocks of white limestone bonded with a very grainy lime mortar, laid in regular courses, and the towers measured roughly a meter in diameter. Today the ruins are consolidated and landscaped for visitors, with open access to the site — walking among the remaining walls, you can still trace the outline of the original fortification. The castle sits on a hill west of the church of Sant Martí, with views stretching over the surrounding hills of Osona and the first slopes of Montseny. The site is listed as a Cultural Asset of National Interest (Bé Cultural d'Interès Nacional), confirming its historical value. How to get there and when to visit? El Brull lies in the Osona region, not far from larger towns such as Vic and Sant Celoni, and the best way in is by car along the local roads leading toward Montseny Natural Park. The castle ruins stand on a rise near the village itself, so it's worth covering the final stretch on foot. Because the ruins are open and unsheltered, spring and autumn are the best times to visit, when temperatures are mild and the views over the surrounding hills are at their clearest. It's worth pairing the visit with a walk through the village of El Brull and the nearby church of Sant Martí, or a longer hike into Montseny if time allows. Frequently asked questions When was Castell del Brull built? The castle is first mentioned in 1071, with its main construction attributed to two building phases in the 12th and 13th centuries. Who owned the castle over the centuries? For its first two centuries it belonged to the counts of Osona (later Cardona); from 1266–1271 until 1812 it belonged to the bishops of Vic, who held Brull as its lords and barons. What makes this castle architecturally distinctive? Its unusual pentagonal plan, with a tower at each of the five corners — a layout rarely seen among medieval Catalan castles. Can visitors explore the ruins on their own? Yes, the site is consolidated and landscaped, with open access — it's best combined with a visit to the village of El Brull and the surrounding Montseny area.

Castle of Monteagudo

Murcia

Castillo de Monteagudo is a medieval hilltop fortress barely 5 km northeast of Murcia, crowned today by the towering figure of Cristo de Monteagudo, visible from many kilometres away. What is the history behind the castle? The stronghold has Islamic roots, with the earliest documented references dating to around 1078–1079. It took its current layout under Ibn Mardanish, the 12th-century ruler of Murcia. After the Christian conquest the site gained new importance: in 1257 Alfonso X the Wise made it his residence during his stay in Murcia. Its strategic value grew further in 1304, when the Vinalopó valley and part of the Vega Baja along the Segura river passed to the Kingdom of Valencia, turning Monteagudo into a key defensive point for the Castilian Kingdom of Murcia along the new border. The castle was declared a National Monument in 1931. Where does the Christ statue on top come from? The unmistakable silhouette of Cristo de Monteagudo, known as the Sacred Heart of Jesus, is not part of the original fortress. A first monument went up in 1926, only to be torn down during the Spanish Civil War. The statue visitors see today was rebuilt in 1951 and has since become the hill's most recognisable feature, visible from countless spots across Murcia and its surrounding farmland. What can you see on site? The climb up the hill winds past the remains of the fortress's walls and towers, and a viewpoint halfway up offers a panorama over Murcia and the huerta — the traditionally irrigated fertile plain around the city, where the medieval-era irrigation channels are still visible today. The site also hosts the Monteagudo Visitor Centre (C/ Iglesia 48), starting point for the Sendero de los Castillos, a roughly 6 km circular route linking the castle with the nearby Castillejo fortification and the Larache site, along with historic albercas — old water reservoirs and leisure estates. How do you get there and when should you visit? Monteagudo is reachable by bus lines 31, 36, 50 and R20 (Desvío de Monteagudo stop) or by tram line L1. Entry to the castle grounds is free, though groups of more than 20 people should book ahead through the visitor centre. Standard opening hours run Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 to 14:00 and 17:00 to 19:30, and Sunday from 10:00 to 14:00; the site is closed on Mondays and public holidays. From 22 June through the end of August, summer hours apply (Tuesday–Saturday, 8:00–15:00), with the castle closed on Sundays during that period. Frequently asked questions How long does a visit take? Walking the ruins and the viewpoint usually takes 45–60 minutes, though you should allow extra time for the climb up the hill and for extending the walk along the Sendero de los Castillos. Is there an entrance fee? No, access to the castle grounds is free. Only organised groups larger than 20 people need to book in advance. Can the visit be combined with other nearby sights? Yes — the circular Sendero de los Castillos route also passes the nearby Castillejo and the Larache site, giving a fuller picture of this part of Murcia's medieval defences. What's the best way to get there without a car? City buses (lines 31, 36, 50, R20, Desvío de Monteagudo stop) or tram line L1 both run directly to Monteagudo.

Onda Castle

Onda

Castillo de Onda stands on a hilltop above the town of Onda, in Spain's Castellón province, in the Valencian Community. Locals call it the "castle of three hundred towers," a nickname that has stuck for centuries and still draws visitors curious about the region's Moorish past. Where does the "three hundred towers" name come from? The first stronghold went up in the 10th century, during the Caliphate period, built over even older Iberian and Roman remains. Over the following centuries it grew into a genuine fortress-city covering roughly 25,500 square meters, perched 284 meters above sea level. That sheer scale is what sparked the legend: medieval chronicler Ramon Muntaner recorded that the castle and town of Onda had "as many towers as there are days in the year." The count was never meant literally — it was shorthand for an unusually large fortification — but the name outlived the exaggeration. What is there to see today? A visit means walking the surviving walls, towers, and courtyards, with views stretching over Onda's rooftops and the hills of the Plana Baixa district. Inside the grounds sits the Museu d'Arqueologia i Història d'Onda (Museum of Archaeology and History of Onda), whose standout exhibit is a set of Muslim plasterwork decorations (yeserías) recovered from an early 13th-century palatial residence — a rare survival of this kind of craftsmanship in the region. Information panels along the route are bilingual in Spanish and English, making it easy to explore independently. What history lies behind the walls? The fortress played a pivotal role in the region's past. In April 1238, Zayan, the last Moorish ruler of Valencia, surrendered Onda to the Catalan-Aragonese king James I the Conqueror. A decade later, in 1248, the town was granted its Carta de Puebla, a founding charter that gave residents certain privileges and formally allowed Christians, Muslims, and Jews to coexist within its walls. During the 12th and 13th centuries, Onda ranked among the most important defensive positions north of Moorish Valencia. Today both the castle and the town's historic centre hold official recognition as sites of historic and artistic interest (Bien de Interés Cultural). When to visit and how to get there? Onda sits inland in Castellón province, within easy reach of the Costa del Azahar coastline. Because the castle occupies an exposed hilltop, spring and autumn are the most comfortable seasons to visit, with milder temperatures than summer and clearer views from the ramparts. It's worth timing a visit to combine a walk along the fortifications with a stop at the museum inside — that way you get both the defensive architecture and a glimpse of everyday life from the site's past. Frequently asked questions Why is Onda Castle called the "castle of three hundred towers"? The name traces back to a medieval account by chronicler Ramon Muntaner, who compared the number of towers to the number of days in a year — a way of emphasizing the fortress's huge size rather than a literal count. Who built Onda Castle? Muslims raised the first fortification in the 10th century, during the Caliphate era, on top of earlier Iberian and Roman settlements. It was expanded over the following centuries. What can you see inside the castle? Defensive walls, towers, and courtyards, along with the Museum of Archaeology and History of Onda, home to a collection of Muslim plasterwork from a 13th-century palatial residence. What historical event is linked to the castle? In 1238, Zayan, the last Moorish ruler of Valencia, surrendered Onda to King James I the Conqueror, and in 1248 the town received a charter allowing the coexistence of three religions.

Castellnovo Castle

Castellnovo

Castellnovo Castle, perched above the town of Castellnovo in the Alto Palancia region of Castellón province, in Spain's Valencian Community, ranks among the most layered fortresses of this corner of the Mediterranean coast. Built on the San Cristóbal hill, it preserves traces of Roman foundations, Islamic military architecture, and a later Renaissance transformation into a noble residence. How to get there? Castellnovo is a small inland town in Castellón province, reached most easily by car along local roads connecting the Alto Palancia valley with the coast. The fortress sits directly above the village on its hilltop, so visitors typically park in the town centre and continue on foot up a short, steep path to reach the castle gate. What will you see? The site's earliest structures are attributed to Roman builders, though the fortress took its defining shape in the 12th century, when Muslim engineers reworked it into a stronghold with the layout typical of Islamic military architecture. That chapter closed in 1228, when the forces of King Jaume I captured the castle during the Christian conquest of the region. Five years later, in 1233, the king granted it to the knight Berenguer de Entenza, who held the lordship until 1291. Ownership then passed, in the following century, to Guillem d'Esplugues. The most decisive period in the castle's history came in the 15th century, when it passed into the hands of Beatriz de Borja, a member of the famous Borgia family. Under her ownership, between the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the fortress underwent a thorough Renaissance remodeling: builders added the domes and machicolations — projecting galleries that allowed defenders to drop projectiles on attackers below — that still define its silhouette today, blending defensive function with residential grandeur. In the 17th century, the estate passed to the Folch de Cardona family, and the barony of Castellnovo was elevated to a marquisate. A darker episode followed in the 19th century: in 1836, during the First Carlist War, the hill became the scene of a bloody clash between Liberal and Carlist forces fighting over the Spanish succession. Today, the castle is entering a new chapter. In 2025, Spain's Ministry of Housing committed an investment of 700,000 euros to restoration and conservation works aimed at stabilising the walls and returning the monument to something closer to its historic condition. When to visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons, when temperatures in inland Castellón are milder than the height of summer. The hillside offers little shade, so a morning visit is advisable during the hottest months. Because restoration work is ongoing, it's worth checking current opening hours and which parts of the castle are accessible before setting out. Frequently asked questions Who built Castellnovo Castle? Its origins trace back to Roman times, but the fortress took its Islamic military form in the 12th century, before the Christian conquest of 1228. Why is the castle linked to the Borgia family? In the 15th century, ownership passed to Beatriz de Borja, related to the Borgia family, and it was during her tenure that the castle received its Renaissance remodeling. What happened at the castle in 1836? The hill was the site of a bloody battle between Liberal and Carlist forces during the First Carlist War. Is the castle currently being restored? Yes — in 2025, Spain's Ministry of Housing invested 700,000 euros in conservation work on the fortress.

Castell d'Alsamora

Sant Esteve de la Sarga

Castell d'Alsamora is a medieval defensive ruin in the small village of Alsamora, part of the municipality of Sant Esteve de la Sarga in the Pallars Jussà region (Lleida province, Catalonia). A circular stone tower crowning the hill above the village is the only surviving piece of the former stronghold, visible from a distance against the Pyrenean foothills. What is the history behind the castle? The tower most likely dates from the 11th century, though the site itself was not mentioned in writing until the 18th century, when villagers answered Francisco de Zamora's survey questionnaire. The surrounding territory, however, is documented far earlier: a 1038 boundary charter concerning the Fabregada estate already references the area, recording that Ramon V granted it to Bertran Ató. During the first half of the 11th century, Alsamora formed part of a defensive chain stretched along the southern edge of the Pyrenees, alongside the castles of Castellnou del Montsec, Torre Amargós, Montanyana, Girbeta, Viacamp and Falç. This network existed to intercept Muslim raiding parties coming either from the south through the Ares pass or from the west out of the Muslim strongholds of Benabarre, Graus and Barbastro. In effect, Castell d'Alsamora served as a frontier watchtower during the Reconquista, before the Christian-Muslim border moved further south. What will you see on site? The main surviving feature is a cylindrical watchtower, typical of Romanesque-era military architecture in Pallars Jussà. It occupies the highest point of the village, which explains its original purpose: from here, defenders could monitor the valley routes and the approaches to nearby mountain passes. Around the tower, the setting is classic Pyrenean foothill country — the stone houses of Alsamora, terraced fields, and views toward the Montsec range. How do you get there? Alsamora sits within the municipality of Sant Esteve de la Sarga, in the heart of Pallars Jussà, Lleida province. This is typical inland Catalan territory — small, scattered villages linked by local roads, best reached by car. The area borders the Montsec massif and the Sant Antoni reservoir, making it a convenient base for exploring other medieval defensive sites scattered across Pallars Jussà. When is the best time to visit? Given the mountainous setting and the lack of covered tourist infrastructure, spring and autumn are the best seasons, offering comfortable walking temperatures and the clearest Pyrenean views. Summer afternoons can get hot, while winter snowfall can make the access roads to smaller villages harder to drive. Frequently asked questions How old is Castell d'Alsamora? The tower is believed to date from the 11th century, although the castle itself is first mentioned in writing only in the 18th-century survey compiled by Francisco de Zamora. What role did the castle play in the Middle Ages? It was part of a defensive line guarding against Muslim raids arriving from the south (through the Ares pass) and the west (from the strongholds of Benabarre, Graus and Barbastro), working alongside nearby castles such as Castellnou del Montsec and Montanyana. What exactly remains of the castle today? Mainly a round stone tower standing at the top of the hill above the village of Alsamora — the last visible remnant of the original fortress. Are there other nearby sites worth visiting? Yes — Pallars Jussà is dense with similar defensive structures from the same period, including Castellnou del Montsec and Torre Amargós, so it's easy to combine several medieval strongholds into a single trip.

Castle of Atzeneta

Atzeneta del Maestrat

Castell d'Atzeneta, the medieval castle of Atzeneta del Maestrat, sits in ruins around 3 km from the village center, in the province of Castellón, in Spain's Valencian Community. Perched at roughly 500 metres above sea level in an area known as Les Foies, the site commands sweeping views over the surrounding sierras and valley. What remains today is mainly the keep — a square gothic tower built from solid stone, still showing traces of a former residential wing and doorways framed by rounded arches. What will you see? The gothic keep is the highlight of any visit: a compact, weathered tower that has outlasted the rest of the fortress by centuries. Around its base you can still make out sections of wall and the outline of what was once a courtyard, even though most of the surrounding structures have long since collapsed. The castle originally guarded the mountain pass of Atzeneta, the main route linking the area to the Sierra de Lucena and its neighbouring ravines — a strategic chokepoint that made the fortress essential for controlling access to the village for centuries. The site is officially listed as a Bien de Interés Cultural (a protected cultural asset) in the Monument category, reflecting its recognised historical significance in the region. The fortress traces its origins to the Arab period — the name Atzeneta itself comes from Zanet, a Berber chieftain of the Az-Zanata tribe. Following the Christian reconquest by the forces of James I of Aragon, ownership of the village and castle changed hands several times: in 1235 the king exchanged it, along with the castle of Les Coves, for the town of Morella, handing the estate to Blasco de Alagón; by 1241 it had passed by inheritance to Guillem d'Anglesola. In 1387, Pere de Queralt sold the so-called Castellar to the Master of the Order of Montesa, closing an important chapter in the site's feudal history. The ruins border a protected green space, the El Castell municipal nature area, so a visit to the castle pairs naturally with a walk through the surrounding hills. How do you get there? The easiest way to reach the castle is by car: a local road climbs from the centre of Atzeneta del Maestrat and the drive takes only a few minutes. The final stretch usually requires a short walk uphill, since the ruins sit on elevated ground. Sturdy shoes are worth packing, as the terrain around the tower is rocky and uneven. When should you visit? Given the altitude and the lack of shade or covered attractions, spring and autumn are the most comfortable seasons, when temperatures in Castellón are milder than during the peak of summer. Aim for a clear day — good visibility lets you appreciate both the gothic details of the keep and the panoramic views over the surrounding mountain ranges. Frequently asked questions What survives of the castle in Atzeneta? Mainly a square gothic keep, along with traces of a former residential wing and fragments of the defensive walls and courtyard. What's the history behind the site? The fortress has Arab-era origins and changed hands repeatedly after the 13th-century reconquest — passing from James I of Aragon through the houses of Alagón and Anglesola before being sold to the Order of Montesa in 1387. Can the visit be combined with other nearby attractions? Yes — the area around the ruins forms part of the protected El Castell nature reserve, making it easy to combine the castle with a short walk through the surrounding hills. How long does a visit take? Since only a small portion of the original structure survives, most visitors spend around 30–45 minutes at the site, including the walk up from the parking area and time to take in the views.

Atalaya Castle

Villena

Atalaya Castle stands guard over Villena, a town in the northwest of Alicante province, close to the borders with Albacete, Valencia and Murcia. Perched on a rocky spur of the San Cristóbal mountain, the fortress spent centuries watching over the old frontier between Castile and Aragon. How old is the castle? The exact construction date is unknown, but the fortress already appears in Arab sources from 1172, during Almohad rule, when it served as a refuge for the people of Villena. Some historians have speculated that the site may sit on top of an earlier Roman structure, though excavations have never confirmed this. Atalaya was a key stronghold on the northern edge of Muslim-controlled Iberia. It withstood three separate sieges by James I of Aragon before finally falling in 1240. Following the Treaty of Almizra in 1244, the castle passed into Castilian hands — first to the Order of Calatrava, then to Infante Manuel. His son, Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, later strengthened its defenses. In 1445 the castle was granted to Juan Pacheco along with the title of Marquis of Villena. He reinforced the original Almohad walls, added an outer defensive ring, and raised the keep by two extra storeys — the form in which most of the structure still stands today. During the Peninsular War, Marshal Suchet ordered the main tower blown up, destroying Almohad-era vaults that ranked among the oldest surviving examples in both Spain and the Maghreb. The castle was then abandoned, and in the 19th century locals took stones from its walls to build nearby houses. What can you see today? The keep is the highlight — climb to its rooftop for sweeping views over Villena and the surrounding countryside. Look out too for surviving stretches of the Almohad walls and the remaining medieval vaults, which survived the Napoleonic-era explosion. Restoration work and archaeological digs have been ongoing since 1958, uncovering further architectural details of the fortress. How do you get there and what does a visit involve? Visits start at the reception center right next to the castle, where you can also leave your car. Tickets are sold there or at the Tourist Information Office on Plaza de Santiago. Without a guide, the castle is open Tuesday to Sunday, plus public holidays and the Mondays before them, from 10:00 to 14:00. Guided tours run in the morning at 10:30, 11:30 and 12:30, with an additional afternoon slot at 16:30 from Tuesday to Saturday — these require booking in advance. Admission costs €3, or €1.50 with a discount. When is the best time to visit? Since most of the walls and paths are exposed with little shade, spring and autumn offer the most comfortable conditions and the clearest views from the tower. In summer, aim for the early morning slots before the heat sets in. Frequently asked questions Is the castle original or a reconstruction? Much of the structure is original, including the Almohad-era walls and vaults. The upper section of the keep dates from Juan Pacheco's 15th-century rebuilding, and restoration work has continued since 1958. How long does a visit take? A self-guided visit usually takes about an hour; guided tours run a bit longer since they include the castle's history and access to the tower. Do I need to book tickets in advance? Self-guided visits require no reservation, but guided tours do. Tickets are available at the reception center next to the castle or at the Tourist Information Office. Is the castle suitable for children? Yes, families can visit comfortably, though some paths cross uneven, rocky ground, so comfortable footwear is recommended.

Monuments in Spain