Monuments — Spain — NextOnTrip

Castell de Castell d'Aro

Castell d'Aro, Platja d'Aro i s'Agaró

Castell de Castell d'Aro is a medieval stronghold standing in the upper part of the town of Castell d'Aro, within the municipality of Castell-Platja d'Aro i s'Agaró in the Baix Empordà region. Only fragments of the original structure survive today, yet it was this fortress that gave its name to the whole settlement and served as a landmark for the Aro valley for centuries. What is the history behind the castle? The earliest written record of the fortress dates back to 1041, when documents referred to it as "castrum appelatum Benedormiens" — the source of its alternative name, Castell de Benedormiens. That year, local nobles, knights and clergy gathered to decide the future of the recently built castle. Among those present was Countess Ermessenda of Carcassonne, one of the most influential figures in Catalonia at the time. It was agreed that the Monastery of Sant Feliu de Guíxols would take over guardianship of the fortress. In exchange, the monks committed to defending the extensive territory of the Aro valley against raids by Saracen forces, a genuine threat along the Costa Brava coastline during that period. The castle therefore functioned as a defensive outpost, protecting the surrounding villages and communication routes. Over the following centuries the fortress gradually lost its military significance, and its walls underwent alterations and partial demolition. Today, Castell de Castell d'Aro is registered as a cultural property of national interest, underscoring its importance to local heritage. What can you see on site? What remains of the original construction are chiefly sections of defensive walls on the eastern side, built directly on the rocky outcrop. The lower parts of these walls still show arrow slits, once used by defenders to keep watch and repel attackers. The tower standing on the same side was entirely rebuilt at a later date, making it difficult today to distinguish which elements belong to the original medieval structure. The castle remains sit right next to the parish church, a layout typical of Catalan towns, where secular and religious power were historically concentrated on the same hilltop. Walking through this small, historic corner of town offers a sense of what the medieval Aro valley felt like, long before the coast became a popular tourist destination. How do you get there? The ruins stand in the very heart of Castell d'Aro, in its oldest, uppermost quarter, right beside the church. This makes the site easy to reach on foot from the town centre, with no long walk or special access required. The surroundings are well suited to a short stroll combining a visit to the castle remains with a look around the historic centre. When is the best time to visit? Given its intimate scale and lack of a large covered interior, the site is best visited during quieter hours of the day, when the light falls well on the walls and arrow slits, making them easier to appreciate. Spring and autumn are good seasons for a walk through Castell d'Aro without the crowds typical of peak season on the nearby coast. Frequently asked questions How much of the castle has survived? Not a great deal — mainly sections of defensive walls with traces of arrow slits, plus a rebuilt tower. These are remains rather than a complete structure. What was the castle originally called? Documents from 1041 name it "castrum appelatum Benedormiens", giving rise to its alternative name, Castell de Benedormiens. Who was responsible for the castle in medieval times? Following the 1041 agreement, the Monastery of Sant Feliu de Guíxols took on guardianship of the fortress along with the duty of defending the Aro valley. Is there an entrance fee? The ruins stand in public space within the town, next to the church, so they can be viewed freely while walking through Castell d'Aro.

Pazo de Martelo

Rianxo

Pazo de Martelo stands right in the heart of Rianxo, a Galician town on the shores of the Ría de Arousa estuary. The building was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest (Bien de Interés Cultural) back in 1973, making it one of the region of Barbanza's most significant pieces of secular architecture. Where does the building come from? The site's history goes back to the 15th century, when a three-storey tower stood here belonging to Paio Gómez de Soutomaior, a member of the local nobility. That original structure didn't survive unchanged, though — the building visitors admire today took shape during a reconstruction carried out between the 17th and 18th centuries. It was this rebuild that gave the pazo the baroque character it's known for now. What's worth seeing? The most recognisable feature of the façade is an impressive balcony with six windows, a detail that immediately catches the eye and sets the building apart from the surrounding streetscape. The pazo sits right next to the parish church of Santa Comba, so the two naturally form a short walk through Rianxo's historic centre. It's worth knowing that the building's current appearance is the result of a thorough rehabilitation completed in 2024. Carried out over ten months by the Sergonsa company, the works restored the pazo's look from before a problematic 1983 renovation that had altered its original character for decades. The Rianxo town council has owned the building for fifty years, and the latest restoration reached down to its foundations and covered the entire structure. What is Pazo de Martelo used for today? The building isn't left empty — it now houses Rianxo's municipal library. It's a solution that combines heritage protection with genuine, everyday use by locals, so a visit to the pazo also lets you step inside and see how its historic rooms serve a modern public function. How do you get there? Pazo de Martelo is located in the centre of Rianxo, in the province of A Coruña, in the heart of Galicia. The town sits on the Ría de Arousa, making it a convenient base for exploring the Rías Baixas coastline. The easiest way to get there is by car — Rianxo has good road connections to Santiago de Compostela and Padrón, roughly half an hour and fifteen minutes away respectively. Thanks to its location next to the Santa Comba church, the pazo itself is easy to find while strolling through the town's historic centre. When should you visit? Rianxo is best visited in spring and summer, when the weather is ideal for walking through the historic centre and along the coast. Keep in mind, though, that since the pazo now houses the municipal library, its interior follows the library's opening hours, so it's best to plan an indoor visit on a weekday. Frequently asked questions What exactly is a pazo? It's a traditional Galician type of manor house, blending the features of a country estate and a townhouse, characteristic of the region's architecture. Can you visit the inside of Pazo de Martelo? Yes — since it houses the municipal library, the building is open to the public during the library's opening hours. Since when has the building been protected? Pazo de Martelo was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest in 1973. Has the building been renovated recently? Yes, a ten-month, ground-up rehabilitation was completed in 2024, restoring its appearance from before a 1983 renovation.

Torre de Clementino

Íllora

Torre de Clementino is a medieval defensive tower absorbed into the townscape of Tocón, a village within the municipality of Íllora, in the province of Granada. Also known as Torre de Tocón, it has been protected as a Bien de Interés Cultural (Cultural Heritage Site) since 1993. What will you see there? The tower has a rectangular floor plan that tapers gently toward the top, a truncated pyramidal profile typical of Nasrid-era watchtowers. The walls were built in masonry (mampostería), with the corners reinforced by dressed ashlar blocks to strengthen the structure against impact and time. Inside, the tower rises through three storeys, and a vaulted passage leads up to the roof. At the top, remnants of a crenellated parapet survive — the notched stone barrier that once sheltered defenders patrolling the tower's crown. What makes Torre de Clementino unusual today is how thoroughly it has been swallowed by the village around it. Unlike most towers of its kind, which still stand isolated on a hilltop, this one has been gradually surrounded by houses and now sits within a private property right in the centre of Tocón. Visiting it means a short stroll through village streets rather than a countryside hike. What was its historical role? The tower was built in the 14th century as part of the fortifications of an alquería, a Nasrid farming settlement surrounded by cultivated land. It never stood alone as a full castle; instead, it formed one link in a wider surveillance and defence network protecting the western Vega of Granada, the fertile plain that fronted the capital of the Nasrid emirate. Torre de Clementino kept visual contact with the nearby Encantada and Morrón towers, allowing warning signals to travel rapidly along the whole watch line. The Encantada tower stands roughly 3 kilometres away, while Íllora Castle — the region's principal stronghold — lies about 10 kilometres from here. Chains of signal towers and alquerías like this one were a defining feature of the Nasrid emirate's frontier zones between the 13th and 15th centuries, giving rural communities early warning of raids and time to seek shelter before an actual attack arrived. How do you get to Torre de Clementino? The tower stands in Tocón, a village a short drive from Íllora, the municipality's main town. The easiest way to reach it is by car, since local roads connect Tocón to the wider network around Granada province, with the city of Granada itself close enough for a day trip. Because the tower sits on private property, visits are generally limited to viewing it from the street outside — worth keeping in mind, since there is no access to the interior for the public. When is the best time to visit? The Vega of Granada has hot, dry summers and mild winters, so spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer the most comfortable conditions for exploring the village on foot without the risk of heat. This is not a heavily touristed site, so crowds are never really a concern regardless of season. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside Torre de Clementino? No — the tower is part of a private property in the centre of Tocón, so it can only be viewed from the outside. Why does the tower have two names? Torre de Clementino is its common name, while Torre de Tocón refers to the village where it stands; both names are used interchangeably in local sources and heritage records. What was the tower used for in medieval times? It defended a Nasrid alquería and served as a lookout point in a visual signalling network that warned nearby settlements of approaching raids. Are there other similar heritage sites nearby? Yes — within a roughly 10-kilometre radius stand the Encantada tower and Íllora Castle, both part of the same historic defensive system that once guarded the Vega of Granada.

Torre de Salar

Salar

Torre de Salar is a medieval defensive tower standing in the heart of the small town of Salar, in the province of Granada, Andalusia. It faces the church of Santa Ana, and together they form the visual anchor of the village center. Where does this tower come from? The tower was built in the 13th century as part of the defensive network protecting nearby Loja, a system originally established by the Arabs. Through the following century, as Castilian forces pushed in from Priego de Córdoba and Jaén, fortifications in the area were repeatedly reinforced. Sitting near the shifting frontier, Salar remained a contested point between the Muslim and Christian worlds for generations. The turning point came on 29 May 1486, when Hernán Pérez del Pulgar — nicknamed "el de las Hazañas" (the man of great deeds) — captured the tower along with the walled settlement around it. The Catholic Monarchs later granted him Salar as a lordship, marking the start of an unbroken Christian presence in the town that continues today. What does the tower look like? Torre de Salar has a rectangular footprint measuring roughly 7.4 by 9.7 metres and still stands to a height of about 14.5 metres. Its walls were raised course by course in rubble masonry, with the corners reinforced by dressed ashlar blocks — a construction method typical of defensive towers across Andalusia from this period. What else is there to see in Salar? Right next to the tower and the church stands the Casa-Palacio de los Pérez del Pulgar, the family residence connected to the conquest of the town, and nearby a small Arab watchtower (Torreón Árabe) has also survived. A viewpoint overlooking the Arroyo del Salar valley offers a wide view of the surrounding hills. Salar's history reaches back well before the Middle Ages, though. On the western bank of the Genil river, archaeologists uncovered the remains of a Roman villa (Villa Romana de Salar), inhabited between the 1st and 5th centuries AD — evidence of settlement long before the Arab arrival on the Iberian Peninsula. Anyone who enjoys landscapes and walking routes should head to Fuente Alta and Cruz de Marino, both offering views across the Vega de Granada, as well as two natural caves, Cueva Monea and Cueva del Bañuelo. How do you get to Torre de Salar? Salar sits in the province of Granada, a short distance from the town of Loja, along the route connecting the city of Granada with Alhama de Granada — the area is often suggested as part of a day trip linking the two towns. The village center is best reached by car; the tower stands just steps from the main square, so no long walk is needed once you arrive. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the most comfortable seasons, since temperatures in the province of Granada climb considerably in high summer. It's worth pairing a visit to Salar with a stop in nearby Loja or Alhama de Granada, combining the defensive architecture with the scenery of the Genil valley in a single day. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside Torre de Salar? The tower now functions as a town landmark and protected monument in the village center; interior access can be limited, so it's worth checking current opening hours locally or with the tourist information point. How much time do you need to see Salar? The village itself can be explored in an hour or two, including the tower, the church of Santa Ana, the Casa-Palacio de los Pérez del Pulgar, and the valley viewpoint. Are there other historic sites nearby? Yes — the remains of the Roman villa (Villa Romana de Salar), the Torreón Árabe watchtower, and the caves of Cueva Monea and Cueva del Bañuelo all sit within easy reach. How far is Salar from Granada city? Salar lies in the western part of Granada province, closer to Loja than to the regional capital, making it a convenient stop on the way toward Alhama de Granada.

Torre de Peracamps

Llobera

Torre de Peracamps is a medieval defensive tower standing above the village of Llobera, in the Catalan region of Solsonès. Recognised as a cultural asset of national interest, its stone remains still dominate the valley in the northwestern part of the municipality. Where exactly is the tower? The tower crowns a hilltop in the Peracamps settlement, overlooking a wide stretch of farmland dotted with scattered farmhouses. From here it once kept watch over the valley running down through the Rasa dels Quadros ravine toward Torre de Vallferosa, another medieval watchtower in the area. The choice of site was no accident — a raised vantage point let the local lord monitor movement through the valley and raise the alarm at the first sign of trouble. How do you get there? Llobera sits in the heart of Solsonès, a small, hilly inland region in Lleida province known for scattered rural hamlets and a string of medieval watchtowers. Reaching Torre de Peracamps means following local access roads into the countryside and finishing the last stretch on foot, which is the usual way of visiting Catalonia's rural towers — most stand well away from main routes. It's worth bringing a printed or offline map, since signage on the ground can be sparse. What will you actually see? What survives today is part of a rectangular tower measuring roughly 9.80 by 6.80 metres, with only the western side still standing in reasonable condition. The lower interior chamber is about 2.35 metres wide, and the walls thin out progressively higher up — a common building technique in medieval towers that saved material and eased the load on the foundations. The original entrance sat at first-floor level, in the southern corner, a deliberate defensive detail that made the tower harder to storm. What's the history behind it? The earliest record of Peracamps dates to 1042, when Bonfill, lord of these lands, left the castle to his wife Amaltruda — a document that makes Torre de Peracamps one of the earliest documented fortifications in Solsonès. The tower remained a feudal outpost for centuries, until the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1716, it was partly demolished by royal order, sharing the fate of many Catalan strongholds the new Bourbon administration considered a potential threat. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the most rewarding seasons, when Solsonès's mild climate makes the hike up to the tower pleasant and visibility across the valley tends to be at its best. Summer midday heat can be intense, since the surrounding terrain is open and offers little shade. In winter, the access road can turn difficult after rain or snow, so it's worth checking conditions before setting out. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside the tower? Torre de Peracamps is a stabilised ruin — only the western wall survives in any real height, so a visit means viewing the structure from outside and its immediate surroundings rather than entering it. How long does a visit take? Seeing the tower itself takes only ten or twenty minutes, but reaching it from the access road and exploring the surrounding hills can easily stretch a visit to an hour or more. Are there other historic sites nearby? Yes — Torre de Vallferosa, another medieval watchtower, lies within sight of Peracamps; the two once formed part of the same valley surveillance network. Why was the tower partly torn down? It happened in 1716, on royal orders issued after the War of the Spanish Succession, when the Bourbon authorities dismantled fortifications that could have served their opponents.

Castell de Queralt (Bellprat)

Bellprat

Castell de Queralt is a ruined medieval castle overlooking the municipality of Bellprat, in the southwestern part of Catalonia's Anoia region. Perched on a rocky ridge at the western edge of the Queralt mountain range, it was for centuries the seat of one of the most important noble families in this part of Catalonia, and today draws visitors interested in history and hiking alike. What is the history behind the castle? The castle is first documented in 960, though historians believe the structure may date back even earlier, possibly to the time of Guifré el Pilós, regarded as the founder of an independent Catalonia. In 976 it was sold by Count Borrell. At the start of the 11th century, following a long dispute with the bishopric of Urgell, it passed into the hands of Sendred de Gurb. Sendred's descendants took the surname Queralt, and through several branches of the family retained control of the castle until the 19th century. It was in the shadow of this fortress that the settlement of Santa Coloma grew up, eventually taking over as the administrative center of the Barony of Queralt and overshadowing the castle itself. In 1599 the barons of Queralt were granted the title of Counts of Santa Coloma, shifting the family's power base further away from the fortress walls. The castle fell into gradual decline until 1842, when the landed estates of the Counts of Santa Coloma were put up for sale and the property was bought by Josep Safont. It has remained abandoned ever since. What can you see on site? Today, what survives is mainly a substantial stretch of the perimeter walls of a large residential building, though in a heavily deteriorated state. Around it lie the remains of other outbuildings, most of which have now collapsed. Despite the advanced state of ruin, the layout still reveals the fortress's former structure and its strategic position on a rocky outcrop, commanding sweeping views over the hills of Anoia. How do you get there? Castell de Queralt sits within the municipality of Bellprat, a small town in the Anoia region of Barcelona province. The ruins stand on a hill near the village, reached by a local road and by marked walking trails connecting Bellprat to neighboring towns in the region. Given the rocky terrain, sturdy hiking shoes are recommended. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons, offering comfortable hiking temperatures and the clearest views from the castle's vantage point. Summers in the Anoia region can get quite hot, making the exposed, rocky approach more demanding. Frequently asked questions Is the castle open to the public? The ruins stand on open ground and can be viewed from the outside, but visitors should exercise caution given the advanced deterioration and collapsed sections of the structure. How long does a visit take? Walking up to the ruins and taking in the surviving walls typically takes 1–2 hours, depending on pace and how long you linger over the views. Are there other nearby attractions? Yes, the Anoia region is dotted with similar medieval fortresses and historic villages, making it easy to combine a visit to Bellprat with a longer route through the area. Is the castle connected to the historic Queralt family of Catalonia? Yes, this is where the Queralt family name originated. The family later received the title of Counts of Santa Coloma, becoming one of the more prominent aristocratic lineages in old Catalonia.

Castell de Merlès

Santa Maria de Merlès

Castell de Merlès is a medieval castle ruin in Santa Maria de Merlès, a small municipality in the Berguedà region of Catalonia. Listed as a Catalan cultural property of national interest, it survives today mainly as a single stretch of wall — yet its dramatic clifftop setting and long documented history still draw history buffs and hikers exploring the mountainous Berguedà countryside. Where exactly is the castle? The ruins sit atop a rocky outcrop on the left bank of the Riera de Merlès stream, rising above the parish of Santa Maria de Merlès. This kind of position — a defensible crag overlooking a river valley — was the standard choice for fortified noble residences in the early Middle Ages, giving whoever held it control over the valley floor and the routes running through it. What will you actually see there? Little remains of the original structure beyond one substantial section of wall: roughly 6.80 metres long, up to 5 metres high at its tallest point, and about 70 centimetres thick. That's modest compared with the region's more complete castles, but the sheer mass of the surviving fragment, perched on bare rock, still makes an impression — and the view down over the Riera de Merlès valley and the surrounding Berguedà hills is worth the climb on its own. What's the history behind it? The castle at Merlès first appears in written records in the year 893, making it one of the earlier documented fortifications in this part of Catalonia. Historians still debate exactly when it was built: it isn't clear whether the original structure dates from the repopulation effort launched in 798 by Count Borrell of Cerdanya, or whether its roots go back further still, to the Late Roman or Hispano-Visigothic period. What is clear is that the castle predates the wave of repopulation later carried out under Count Guifré. The territory attached to the castle originally spanned both banks of what is now the Riera de Merlès valley and formed part of the wider Berguedà lands, later passing into the county of Berga. Around the middle of the 10th century, before 955, that territory was split in two along the course of the river — a division typical of how local power was carved up among noble families in this period. How do you get there? Santa Maria de Merlès lies in the heart of Berguedà, in Barcelona province, an area with a distinctly mountainous, rural character. Access is via local roads connecting to Berguedà's main routes; the final stretch to the ruins is on foot, along a steep path climbing the rocky outcrop above the Riera de Merlès. It's worth combining the visit with the municipality's other historic sites, such as the parish church of Santa Maria or the church of Sant Martí, to get a fuller picture of the medieval settlement pattern in this part of Catalonia. When's the best time to visit? Given Berguedà's mountain climate, spring and autumn are the best seasons to visit, with mild temperatures and the clearest views from the outcrop. In summer, aim for an early morning visit to avoid the heat on the exposed rocky path; in winter, access can be difficult due to weather conditions typical of Berguedà's higher ground. Frequently asked questions Is there more to the castle than a single wall? No — the only substantial survival is one wall fragment measuring roughly 6.80 by 5 metres and about 70 centimetres thick. The rest of the structure was lost over the centuries. How old is the castle? The earliest written mention dates to 893, though some researchers believe the original structure could be older still, dating from the Late Roman or Visigothic period. Is visiting the ruins free? As an open-air historic site, the ruins can be viewed without charge, but reaching them requires walking on foot over unmarked rocky terrain. Is it worth combining with other sights in Santa Maria de Merlès? Yes — the same municipality is home to the church of Sant Martí and the church of Santa Maria, making it easy to build a fuller picture of Berguedà's medieval history in a single trip.

Castell de Selmella

el Pont d'Armentera

Castell de Selmella is a medieval ruin overlooking the abandoned settlement of Selmella, within the municipality of el Pont d'Armentera in Catalonia's Alt Camp region. Perched atop a hill in the Comaverd range at roughly 828 metres above sea level, right on the natural divide between the Camp de Tarragona plain and the Conca de Barberà, it's a destination for travelers drawn less to polished monuments than to raw history and sweeping mountain views. What will you see there? Two separate structural groups survive today. On the southern side stands a rectangular building that once defended the fortress entrance. About ten metres further, to the northeast, lie the remains of an elongated structure divided into several rooms, built from irregular, medium-sized stones. Walking the site, you can trace the outline of the original fortified complex, even though much of the stonework has crumbled over the centuries. At the foot of the hill, on its eastern slope, lie the traces of the abandoned village of Selmella — once a settlement dependent on the castle, now a quiet marker of the depopulation that swept many mountain areas of Catalonia. Nearby stand the remains of the church of Sant Llorenç de Selmella, which once served the small community's religious life. What's the history behind it? The castle of Selmella is first documented in 1012, when Hug de Montagut or de Cervelló disputed control of the fortress with the Bishop of Vic — a dispute he ultimately won. Throughout the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries the castle remained in the hands of the Cervelló family. From the second half of the 12th century, the monastery of Santes Creus, one of Catalonia's most important Cistercian houses, began acquiring growing rights over the castle and the surrounding territory of Selmella. This gradual shift in ownership reflects a broader medieval pattern, in which powerful abbeys absorbed secular strongholds along with their economic hinterlands. How do you get there? El Pont d'Armentera sits in the Alt Camp region, close to the border with Conca de Barberà, making it an easy base for day trips from either Tarragona or Valls. Local roads lead into the village itself, but reaching the castle ruins requires a hike — the path climbs through mountainous terrain to a point nearly 830 metres high. Sturdy trekking shoes, water, and a local map are worth bringing, since trail markings can be sparse. When's the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons for hiking up to Castell de Selmella, when temperatures across Alt Camp are milder and the Comaverd mountain scenery is at its most striking. Summer heat can make the climb tough going, especially since the route offers little shade or water along the way. In winter, check the forecast first — the altitude and exposed terrain mean conditions can turn windy and cold. Frequently asked questions Has the castle been restored or turned into a museum? No. It remains an unrestored ruin with no visitor infrastructure, tickets, or guides — access is free but requires hiking in on foot. How long does the hike to the castle take? It depends on the route chosen and your fitness level, but climbing mountainous terrain to nearly 830 metres typically takes several hours round trip from the nearest access road. What else is worth seeing nearby? Right next to the castle are the remains of the abandoned village of Selmella and the ruined church of Sant Llorenç de Selmella — together they form a cohesive historical site worth exploring alongside the castle itself. Is the route suitable for children or less experienced hikers? Given the rugged terrain and lack of infrastructure, the hike is demanding — better suited to seasoned walkers than to families with young children.

Castell de Prenafeta

Montblanc

Castell de Prenafeta is a ruined medieval castle standing on a hill above the former village of Prenafeta, in the municipality of Montblanc, in the Conca de Barberà region (Tarragona province, Catalonia). The site is protected as a cultural asset of national interest, and its ruins still dominate the abandoned settlement at the foot of the hill. What is the history behind the castle? The place name — recorded in its oldest form as Petrafita — appears in documents as far back as 980, when Count Borrell II of Barcelona granted the castle of Cabra to the couple Ervigi and Amaltruda and their son Guifré. Petrafita is mentioned among the boundary markers of that grant. The castle of Prenafeta itself only shows up in written sources in 1072, when Arnau Pere de Ponts handed it over as a fief to Ramon Bremon. The structure whose ruins still crown the hill today was most likely built around the 12th century. Through the 12th and 13th centuries, the Puigvert family held the castle as feudal lords, although everything suggests they never administered the territory directly, most likely leaving day-to-day rule to local officials or other families. The estate's fortunes shifted in 1276, when Prenafeta passed by inheritance into the hands of the monastery of Santa Maria de Poblet, one of the most important Cistercian houses in Catalonia. The village's own story is just as turbulent as the castle's. The settlement became almost entirely depopulated during the Catalan civil war against King John II (1462–1472), a conflict that devastated many rural communities across the region. The village was finally abandoned altogether in the 18th century, when its inhabitants relocated about 2 kilometers to the south, founding the present-day village of Prenafeta that still exists today. What will you see on site? What remains today are the ruins of the castle — wall fragments and the outlines of former defensive structures crowning the hilltop above the abandoned historic core of Prenafeta. This older part of the settlement (sometimes referred to as Prenafeta Vell), no longer inhabited, forms a coherent historic ensemble together with the castle that can be explored on foot. From the hill, views stretch across the surrounding hills of Conca de Barberà and the valley where the modern village sits. How do you get there? Prenafeta lies within the municipality of Montblanc, about 2 kilometers from the modern village of the same name. The Conca de Barberà region is well connected to Tarragona and Lleida via local roads, and Montblanc — the main town of the municipality — sits on routes linking the coast with inland Catalonia. Reaching the ruins usually means a short walk from the access road up to the former settlement, since both the castle and the abandoned village sit on elevated ground. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons to visit, when temperatures across Conca de Barberà are mild and walking the uneven, hilly terrain is far more pleasant than in the summer heat. The site is exposed to the sun, so in summer it's worth bringing water and sun protection. Frequently asked questions Is Castell de Prenafeta open to visitors? The ruins sit in the open air and can be viewed while walking through the site of the former settlement; there are no fixed opening hours as with a museum. How old is the castle? The structure was most likely built around the 12th century, although the area of Prenafeta (Petrafita) is documented as far back as 980. Why is the village next to the castle abandoned? The settlement was largely depopulated during the Catalan civil war of 1462–1472 and was finally abandoned in the 18th century, when residents moved to a new location about 2 km away. Who owned the castle? During the 12th and 13th centuries the feudal lords were the Puigvert family, and from 1276 onward, by inheritance, the castle and surrounding lands belonged to the monastery of Santa Maria de Poblet.

Castillo-Palacio de los Condes de Padul

Padul

Castillo-Palacio de los Condes de Padul is a fortified manor house standing in the heart of Padul, a small town in the province of Granada, Andalusia. Locals simply call it "La Casa Grande," and the building has been listed as a Site of Cultural Interest (Bien de Interés Cultural) since 1981. Where does this building come from? The current structure was raised in the 16th century on the remains of an earlier Muslim fortress that once guarded access to the Valle de Lecrín. It took its present, imposing shape after a 1613 reconstruction commissioned by Don Antonio de Aróstegui, secretary to King Felipe III. That rebuild gave the manor its severe Baroque profile, stripped of decorative flourishes — a style typical of noble residences of the period, designed for defense rather than display. What makes its history so dramatic? The most striking episode in the building's past unfolded on the night of 20–21 August 1569, during the Morisco uprising in Andalusia. More than five hundred armed Morisco rebels surrounded Padul and stormed the Casa Grande, where Martín Pérez Aróstegui had taken shelter with only four Christian servants and three Moorish friends. The attackers set the door ablaze and broke holes through the wall, expecting a swift takeover. The defenders, however, managed to put out the fire and repel the assault, killing eight of the rebel leaders in the process. The episode brought the Pérez Aróstegui family lasting renown in the region and is still cited today as proof of the building's strategic importance. What is there to see on site? Casa Grande is one of the few surviving examples in the province of Granada of a "palacio de asiento" — a noble residence combining domestic and defensive functions, typical of the old landed estates of Andalusia. Its austere, almost unadorned facade contrasts with the more representative character its interiors must once have had as the seat of the owning family. The fact that the building has survived the centuries in a largely unaltered form makes it a rare witness to early modern defensive-residential architecture. How do you get to Castillo-Palacio de los Condes de Padul? The building stands on Calle Escuelas, right in the center of Padul, a small town in the Valle de Lecrín, roughly half an hour's drive south of Granada. Padul sits on the main road linking Granada to the Costa Tropical coast, so the easiest way to get there is by car or by local bus from Granada. Once parked in town, the palace is a short walk away, in the middle of Padul's historic core. When is the best time to visit? Andalusian spring (March–May) and early autumn (September–October) offer the most comfortable temperatures for exploring the town on foot, without the summer heat. Padul lies close to the Laguna de Padul nature reserve, so it's worth pairing a visit to the historic palace with a walk through the nearby wetlands — a popular birdwatching spot, especially in spring and autumn. Frequently asked questions Can visitors go inside the palace? The building currently serves functions tied to local community life, and access to the interior depends on the town's current schedule — it's worth checking with the tourist office in Padul before visiting. Where does the name "Casa Grande" come from? It's the everyday name locals in Padul have used for generations for the former seat of the Aróstegui family — a simple reference to the building's size compared to the rest of the town. Are there other landmarks nearby worth visiting? Yes, the palace sits within Padul's historic town center, and just a few minutes away lies the Laguna de Padul, one of the last natural wetlands remaining in the province of Granada. How long does it take to explore the area around the palace? Walking around the building and Padul's historic center takes about an hour; combined with a visit to the lagoon, it's worth setting aside half a day.

Castell de Mediona

Mediona

Castell de Mediona is a castle in the town of Mediona, in the Alt Penedès region of Catalonia, perched above the Congost de Mediona gorge. It is one of the few Catalan castles that remains inhabited to this day, having kept a continuous role for over a thousand years. How far back does its history go? The oldest surviving document mentioning the castle dates to 1011 and records a donation to the monastery of Sant Cugat del Vallès. Historians believe the hill on which the fortress stands, known as the Foundational Hill, may have already been fortified earlier, possibly by the Saracens during the 10th century. Over the following centuries the complex grew in layers: Templar-related construction was added in the 13th century, and in the 15th century the Duke of Cardona built the Torre Grossa, the large tower that still dominates the silhouette of the complex today. What will you actually see on site? A visit brings together several historical layers in one place. The starting point is the 10th-century Foundational Hill, evidence of the earliest settlement here. From there the route leads to the church of Santa Maria de Mediona, a 12th-century Romanesque chapel that was extended with Gothic elements in the 13th and 14th centuries — the contrast between the two architectural styles is easy to spot. Also worth a look are the former 13th-century stables, later converted into a wine cellar. The visit is rounded off by views over the Congost de Mediona gorge itself, a strategic passage linking the Mediterranean coast with inland Catalonia that shaped the castle's military importance for centuries. A guided tour, covering history, local legends, and graphic plans, takes about an hour and a half. How to get there and when to go? The castle sits in the heart of Alt Penedès, a region best known for its vineyards, which makes it easy to combine a visit with local wine tasting nearby. The area is also popular with active tourism: hiking routes connecting Santes Creus with Montserrat pass through here, alongside horse riding and cycling trails, making Castell de Mediona a natural stopping point for travelers on those routes. Because of its exposed position above the gorge, spring and autumn tend to offer the best conditions for visiting and photography, with milder temperatures and light that flatters the outline of the hill and tower. Admission costs 6 euros per person. Why is it worth the hour and a half? It is rare for a single complex to let you trace such a long chain of architectural change — from an early medieval fortification, through Templar-era building, to a late-Gothic defensive tower — without having to visit several separate sites. On top of that, the castle is still lived in, which gives the visit a different feel from touring an abandoned ruin. Frequently asked questions Is the castle still inhabited? Yes, Castell de Mediona is a living, inhabited monumental complex, which sets it apart from many other Catalan castles that survive only as ruins. How long does a visit take? A full guided visit, covering the history, legends, and the different parts of the complex, takes about an hour and a half. What is the oldest part you can see? The 10th-century Foundational Hill and the Romanesque section of the church of Santa Maria de Mediona, dating from the 12th century. Are there hiking trails nearby? Yes, hiking routes linking Santes Creus and Montserrat pass through the area, along with horse riding and cycling trails, making the castle a convenient stopping point.

Castle of Sant Martí Sarroca

Sant Martí Sarroca

The Castle of Sant Martí Sarroca stands on a limestone hill above the town of the same name, in the heart of the Penedès region, less than 50 km southwest of Barcelona. It ranks among Catalonia's best-preserved Romanesque complexes — a fortress fused with a church, surrounded by the vineyards that have anchored this part of Catalonia's economy for centuries. How do you get there? Driving from Barcelona is the most convenient option: take the AP-7 motorway, then follow local roads toward Vilafranca del Penedès — the trip takes roughly 45 minutes. Travelers without a car can take the train to Vilafranca del Penedès and continue by bus or taxi, since Sant Martí Sarroca itself has no rail connection. The castle hill, known locally as "Sa Roca," sits on the edge of town and is well signposted; a short, steep path leads from the parking area up to the entrance. What will you see? The site is really two structures grown together: a castle dating back to the 10th century, and the Church of Santa María, built in the 12th century. Both are protected as monuments of national historical and artistic interest. The castle was founded by Galí, viscount of Penedès, together with his son Guillem, built as a watchtower and defensive stronghold that made use of the hill's naturally rugged, hard-to-approach rock formation. The hill had been inhabited long before that: archaeologists have uncovered traces of an Iberian settlement and remains from a Roman presence, evidence that this outcrop served as a strategic vantage point over the surrounding land for millennia. The Church of Santa María is considered one of the finest examples of Catalan Romanesque architecture — notable for its austere stone volumes, semicircular apses, and richly carved portals in the Lombard style that spread through Catalonia in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1906, the interior and façades were restored under the direction of Josep Puig i Cadafalch, an architect and politician who was a leading figure of Catalan modernisme and is known for work on other landmarks across the region. A residential settlement grew up around the castle over the following centuries, lasting into the 19th century. After it was destroyed during the First Carlist War (1833–1840), residents relocated to the plain below the hill, where the town's current center now stands. As a result, the castle hill retained its historic character largely intact, without the later construction that typically accumulates around similar sites. From the ramparts and the viewpoint terrace, the panorama stretches across the vineyard-covered hills of Penedès — a region famous for cava and sparkling wine production, making a visit here a natural pairing with tastings at nearby wineries. When should you visit? Spring (April–June) and early autumn (September–October) are the best times to go, offering mild temperatures and especially scenic vineyards — autumn in particular coincides with the grape harvest. Summers can get hot, and the stone hilltop offers little shade. Aim for morning or late-afternoon light, when it best highlights the Romanesque detailing on the church. Frequently asked questions Do you need a guide to visit the castle? The complex can be explored independently, but guided tours covering both the castle and the church are also available — it's worth booking in advance through the local Penedès tourism office. How much time should I set aside for the visit? Touring the castle and church typically takes 45–60 minutes, but allow extra time to walk the hill and take in the vineyard views. Can I taste local wine nearby? Yes — Sant Martí Sarroca sits at the heart of Penedès, a wine region renowned for cava production, with numerous wineries offering tastings within a short drive. Is the site accessible for visitors with limited mobility? The approach to the hill is via a steep, uneven path, which can be difficult for wheelchair users or those with walking difficulties.

Montbui Castle

Santa Margarida de Montbui

Montbui Castle (Castell de la Tossa) crowns the summit of the Tossa de Montbui hill, right above the town of Santa Margarida de Montbui in Catalonia. Standing 620 metres above sea level, the fortress has watched over the Òdena basin and the roads leading to nearby Igualada for over a thousand years. Today it's one of the region's most rewarding viewpoints, mixing deep history with sweeping views over the Anoia countryside. How do you get there? The castle sits on the edge of Santa Margarida de Montbui, a short drive from Igualada, the area's main town with good connections to Barcelona. A marked footpath climbs from the car park at the base of the hill to the summit, usually taking 20 to 30 minutes at a relaxed pace. The final stretch gets steep, so sturdy walking shoes are a good idea, especially after rain. The ruins sit right next to the small Romanesque church of Santa Maria de la Tossa, making the short hike worth it on its own. What's the story behind the castle? Montbui Castle is first documented in 936, when it also oversaw the neighbouring fortresses of Ocelló (also known as Saió) and Tous. In 970, Count Borrell II handed the castle over to Ató, Bishop of Vic, and the bishopric held nominal authority over it for centuries — though real power shifted to the powerful Cardona family from the mid-12th century onward. The Cardonas secured full lordship once the territory returned to the crown in 1322. Late in the 15th century, they sold the estate to the Montbui family, who took the title of barons of Montbui, and by the mid-16th century the barony had passed to the Lanuza family, related to the counts of Plasencia. Their descendants held the lordship until feudal titles were abolished in the 19th century. What will you actually see up there? Only a single structure survives from the original complex: a building with a rounded, rectangular floor plan built from irregular stonework, with visible sections laid in the herringbone opus spicatum pattern typical of 10th- and 11th-century construction. That masonry detail is exactly what allows historians to date the oldest surviving walls. In 2020, a thorough restoration led by architect Meritxell Inaraja was completed, making the ruins safer to explore and better protected against further decay. When is the best time to visit? Early morning or late afternoon are the best windows, when the sun isn't directly overhead and the light flatters both the stonework and the wide view over the Òdena valley. Spring and autumn make for the most comfortable hiking conditions — summer heat in Catalonia can make the climb tough, and winter rain can leave the trail slippery. The castle also works well as a stop between exploring Igualada and a day of outdoor activity in the surrounding hills. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee? No. The ruins are an open archaeological site with free access and no fixed opening hours, not a ticketed museum. Is the climb suitable for young children? Yes, the path doesn't require special preparation, though the final stretch is steep — hold younger children's hands and avoid the hottest hours of the day. Are there other historic sites nearby? Yes. The Romanesque church of Santa Maria de la Tossa stands right beside the castle, and several other medieval fortresses of the Anoia region lie within a short drive. How long does a visit take? Walking the ruins themselves takes 20 to 30 minutes, but allowing for the climb, the descent, and time to enjoy the views, plan for about an hour and a half to two hours in total.

Castell de la Roca del Vallès

la Roca del Vallès

Castell de la Roca del Vallès is a medieval fortress crowning a hilltop above the town of La Roca del Vallès, in Catalonia's Vallès Oriental region, roughly 30 km north of Barcelona. From its position it overlooks the Mogent river valley and the route once followed by the Via Augusta, the Roman road linking Rome with Cadiz that cut through this stretch of Catalonia. The castle is listed as a cultural asset of national interest (bé cultural d'interès nacional). How do you get there? La Roca del Vallès sits right off the AP-7 motorway and the C-251 road, making the drive from Barcelona straightforward — the trip typically takes 30 to 40 minutes. Regional buses also connect the town with Barcelona and Granollers, and from the town center, marked footpaths lead up to the castle hill. The final approach involves a short but steep climb, so sturdy footwear is worth packing, especially in summer when the ground turns dry and stony. What is the history behind it? The earliest records of the La Roca settlement date back to 932, when the nearby church of Sant Sadurní de la Roca was consecrated. The castle itself first appears in documents around 1024, when it belonged to Arnau Mir, acting on behalf of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, who later handed the property to Guillem de Muntanyola. Ownership shifted repeatedly over the following centuries: around 1374 it passed to Pere Arnau Marquès, and in 1405 it was sold to Ramon de Torrelles, lord of Rubí. Starting in 1463, the Torrelles descendants carried out a major renovation, reshaping the stronghold into something closer to a palace than a fortified castle. Its fortunes turned in the mid-17th century, when it was destroyed amid the era's conflicts. The building then sat in ruins for nearly three hundred years, until reconstruction finally took place in 1952. What will you see on site? The castle follows a roughly trapezoidal layout, shaped to fit the contours of the hilltop. On the western side — believed to have held the main entrance — a massive rectangular keep still stands atop a steep embankment, one of the structure's most recognizable features and visible from a distance. Walking around the walls, visitors can trace how the building's medieval defensive character gradually gave way to the more ornamental, palace-like additions of the 15th century. The setting itself is part of the appeal: a viewing area near the castle offers sweeping views over the Mogent valley and the surrounding hills of Vallès Oriental, making it a popular lookout point, particularly at sunset. When is the best time to visit? Spring (April to June) and early autumn (September to October) offer the most comfortable conditions for the climb, with the greenery around the castle at its lushest. Summer heat can make midday visits uncomfortable, so it's best to plan the ascent for morning or late afternoon. The castle also occasionally hosts local cultural events and festivals organized by the town council, adding another reason to visit during the warmer months. Frequently asked questions Is entry to the castle grounds free? Access to the surrounding area and viewpoint is generally free, though it's worth checking current details with the La Roca del Vallès town council, as rules around visiting the interior can change depending on scheduled events. How long does a visit take? Walking around the castle and taking in the view usually takes 30 to 45 minutes, but factoring in the walk from town center stretches a round trip to about 1.5 to 2 hours. Is it suitable for children? Yes, though the steep approach and uneven ground call for caution, especially with young children and on hot days. Are there other attractions nearby? Yes — La Roca del Vallès and its surroundings hold other heritage sites tied to the history of the Vallès Oriental region, and the town's proximity to Granollers and Barcelona makes it easy to combine with other stops on a Catalonia itinerary.

Castell de la Mola

Colldejou

Castell de la Mola is a small, circular tower standing on the summit of Mola mountain, above the village of Colldejou in the Baix Camp region (province of Tarragona, Catalonia). Despite its name, what stands on the peak today is not a medieval fortress but a much younger structure with a surprisingly military backstory. What will you see there? The building is a single-story, cylindrical structure of dry stone masonry, likely originally topped with a false dome. It was built in 1875, during the final months of the Third Carlist War — construction began early that year and was finished in April, carried out by residents of nearby villages who were compelled to do the work by military authorities. Its purpose was optical telegraphy: signals were relayed using a system of movable wooden boards visible from several kilometers away, in the same manner as the Torre de l'Esquirol in nearby Cambrils. Evidence suggests the stone tower rests on the base of a much older, medieval structure, remnants of which are still visible today. The summit itself has an even longer history: researchers point to traces of an Iberian settlement, as well as later use by Romans and Saracens. Local legend also holds that the notorious Catalan bandit Carrasclet took refuge here in the 18th century while fleeing Bourbon troops. How to get there? Mola de Colldejou rises to 914 meters and forms part of a mountain range that, together with the Llaberia, Escornalbou, and Argentera massifs, separates Baix Camp from the neighboring Priorat region. Hiking trails leading to the summit start from the village of Colldejou — the climb is demanding but does not require climbing experience, just reasonable fitness and proper footwear. It's worth planning a full-day outing, ideally during the cooler hours, since much of the route runs without shade. When to visit? Spring and autumn are the best times to attempt the summit, offering milder temperatures and generally clearer views. Summer heat in the Camp de Tarragona region can make the hike strenuous, especially around midday. Winter brings fewer crowds to the trail, though it's worth checking weather conditions before setting out. Good to know before you go Castell de la Mola is listed as a cultural asset of national interest, underlining its historical value despite the tower's modest size. The main draw, however, isn't the structure itself but the panorama from the summit: from here you can take in much of the Camp de Tarragona plain, and on clear days, the surrounding mountain ranges as well. Frequently asked questions Is Castell de la Mola an actual castle? Not in the classic sense. It's a 19th-century optical telegraph tower, though it likely stands on the foundations of an older medieval structure. How long does the climb to the summit take? It depends on the trail and your pace, but plan for several hours round trip, including time to rest and take in the views. Is the trail suitable for children? The ascent is physically demanding, so it's better suited to older children accustomed to longer mountain hikes. What else is worth seeing nearby? The area between Baix Camp and Priorat offers several similar mountain ranges (Llaberia, Escornalbou, Argentera), and the village of Colldejou itself makes a good base for further hikes in the region.

Torre de la Palma

Loja

Torre de la Palma is a medieval defensive tower in Loja, a town in the province of Granada, Andalusia. The structure is listed in the General Catalogue of Andalusian Historical Heritage as a Bien de Interés Cultural (BIC) — Spain's highest category of heritage protection, in force since 1985 — and is registered in the database of the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage (IAPH) under reference RI-51-0011777. Where is Torre de la Palma? The tower stands on the outskirts of Loja, in the area known as Cuesta de la Palma, on hilly ground south of the town centre. For centuries Loja served as a strategic border fortress of the Emirate of Granada, guarding the western approach to the emirate's capital against Christian forces advancing from Castile. As a result, the countryside around the town is scattered with the remains of medieval fortifications: watchtowers (atalayas), defensive walls and bastions positioned on high ground overlooking valleys and roads. What will you see there? Torre de la Palma is a freestanding masonry watchtower, one link in the fortification network that once guarded the approaches to Loja. Towers of this kind were typically built on hills with a clear line of sight, so that lookouts could relay fire or smoke signals from one point to the next, all the way to the town's main stronghold, the Alcazaba of Loja. Even setting the tower's state of preservation aside, the surrounding landscape — with views over the Genil river valley and the neighbouring hills — is worth the trip on its own. How do you get to Torre de la Palma? The easiest way is by car: from central Loja, the drive to the Cuesta de la Palma area takes around 10 minutes. Loja sits on the main road linking Granada with Antequera and Málaga, making it a convenient base for exploring this part of Andalusia. It's worth pairing a visit to the tower with the Alcazaba of Loja and the town's old quarter, where further traces of Nasrid and Mudejar military architecture survive. When is the best time to visit? Given the tower's exposed, hilltop setting, spring and autumn are the most comfortable seasons, offering milder temperatures than the peak of the Andalusian summer. Aim for morning or late afternoon — the site is unshaded and can get very hot at midday in summer. Frequently asked questions Is Torre de la Palma officially protected? Yes. It holds Bien de Interés Cultural (BIC) status — Spain's top heritage protection category — and is listed in the General Catalogue of Andalusian Historical Heritage under reference RI-51-0011777. What was Torre de la Palma originally used for? It was a watchtower, part of the fortification network defending the frontier town of Loja during the era when the region formed the border of the Emirate of Granada. Can you go inside the tower? This is an open-air heritage site rather than a staffed monument — treat a visit as a scenic, historically minded walk through the surrounding area rather than a guided tour with fixed opening hours. What else is worth seeing nearby? In Loja itself, the Alcazaba (the town's fortress) and the historic centre, with buildings echoing its Nasrid and Mudejar past, are well worth a visit, along with other surviving fragments of the region's medieval defensive system.

Torres do Allo

Zas

Torres do Allo is a medieval manor-and-tower complex in the municipality of Zas, in the province of A Coruña, Galicia. It's considered one of the oldest surviving pazos — the fortified country houses typical of the Galician nobility — with origins dating back to the late 15th century. How do you get there? The complex sits in the parish of Baio, within the Zas municipality, on the Costa da Morte northwest of Santiago de Compostela. The easiest way to arrive is by car, following the provincial roads that connect Zas with the neighboring towns of Vimianzo and Baio. The nearest major airport is Santiago-Rosalía de Castro, from where you continue toward the coast by regional road. For anyone touring the Costa da Morte, Torres do Allo makes a natural stop between Vimianzo and Camariñas. What will you see? The complex consists of an elongated rectangular main building flanked by two square towers of differing heights, all built from cut granite — a hallmark of Galician defensive architecture of the period. The residential section has two floors, while the towers rise to three. The house was raised by the Gomes de Rioboo family, who relocated here from the nearby Torre da Penela in Silvarredonda following the marriage of Berenguela Sánchez de Altamira to Gomes de Rioboo Vilardefrancos. After decades of abandonment and decline during the 20th century, the Provincial Council of A Coruña acquired the property in 1998 and carried out a thorough restoration completed in 2005. Today Torres do Allo houses a museum and a heritage information center dedicated to the history of Galician pazos and the daily life of the local nobility. Behind the main building lies a generous garden with a working vegetable plot and an oak grove (carballeira) that turns almost fairy-tale-like in summer. The grounds also hide an old dovecote and a fountain tucked among chestnut trees — small details easy to miss on a quick walk-through but worth seeking out. When should you visit? Torres do Allo is open every day of the week: Monday to Friday from 11:00 to 20:00, and weekends from 11:00 to 21:00. Admission is free. Guided tours run daily at 13:00 and 17:00, though visitors are also welcome to explore at their own pace. Spring and summer are the best seasons to enjoy the garden and grove in full bloom, while autumn and winter bring a quieter, more contemplative atmosphere that history lovers looking for solitude may prefer. Frequently asked questions Is admission to Torres do Allo free? Yes, both individual visits and guided tours are free of charge. How long does a visit take? A standard guided tour lasts around an hour, but it's worth staying longer to wander through the garden and the oak grove at leisure. Is Torres do Allo suitable for a family trip with kids? Yes — the garden, the old dovecote, and the hidden fountain make it a popular spot for families, and the grounds are spacious and safe for children to explore. Do you need to book a visit in advance? No booking is needed for individual visits, but organized groups or educational tours should contact the site in advance.

Torre de Abor

Loja

Torre de Abor is a small historic watchtower located in the countryside around Loja, in the province of Granada, Andalusia. Also known locally as Torre de Abro or Torre de Campo Agro, it is one of the lesser-known but historically interesting remnants of the old frontier of the Kingdom of Granada. What is the history behind Torre de Abor? The area around the tower has roots that reach back further than the structure itself. A Roman villa once stood nearby — the center of a large agricultural estate that developed during the early Imperial period. The settlement eventually declined and was abandoned, most likely due to the political and social instability that affected the region from the 5th century onward. The tower itself was built by Arab settlers, who used it as a watch and defense point along the frontier of the emirate. By the time Castilian forces conquered Loja at the end of the 15th century, the old settlement of Abor had already been unoccupied for a long time — possibly for decades. Despite this, the tower and the surrounding area, known as Campo de Abor (or Campo Agro), retained administrative importance: they served as reference points when the Crown of Castile distributed land to settlers, including Fernando Rejón and Juan Pérez de Valenzuela. The tower is recorded in the Libro de Repartimiento, the land-distribution register that is one of the key documents from the Reconquista period, detailing how property was redistributed after the Christian conquest. What can you see on site? Torre de Abor is a site defined mainly by its historical and landscape context rather than by monumental architecture. Its value lies in what it represents: a border watchtower set within a landscape that was once a Roman agricultural estate and later became a frontier zone between the Islamic and Christian worlds. It suits travelers interested in the medieval history of Andalusia and frontier archaeology rather than visitors looking for a fully developed tourist attraction. When exploring the area, it's worth paying attention to how the tower relates to the surrounding terrain — watchtowers of this kind were typically positioned to offer visibility over long distances, allowing movement to be monitored and threats to be spotted early. How do you get to Torre de Abor? Loja sits in the province of Granada, along the main routes connecting Granada with Málaga and Seville, making it a convenient base for exploring the wider region. The tower itself stands in rural land near the town, so the most practical way to reach it is by car, following local roads through the agricultural countryside typical of the Campo de Abor area. It's worth planning the route in advance and, where possible, asking locally for exact directions, since the site isn't signposted like the town's main landmarks. When is the best time to visit? Summers in Andalusia can get very hot, so spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) are the best times to explore the countryside around Loja and the tower, when temperatures are milder and — especially in spring — the landscape is green and scenic. Frequently asked questions Is Torre de Abor open to visitors? It's a historic landmark within open countryside rather than a monument with set visiting hours — best approached as a stop on a countryside exploration around Loja. Where does the name Torre de Abor come from? The name comes from the surrounding area known as Campo de Abor (or Campo Agro), documented since the Reconquista period, including in the Libro de Repartimiento. Are there other historic traces near the tower? Yes — the site was previously home to a Roman villa and agricultural estate, making the area interesting for those curious about ancient archaeology as well. What's the best way to plan a visit? Combining a visit with a trip to Loja's main sights, such as its alcazaba, works well — treating Torre de Abor as an additional, off-the-beaten-path stop along the historic Granada frontier.

Torre de la Gallina

Salar

Torre de la Gallina is a small, heavily ruined watchtower (atalaya) standing on a rise near Salar, in the province of Granada, Andalusia. Little remains today beyond a mound of stone, yet for centuries this modest structure played a vital role in the defensive network of the Nasrid Emirate of Granada. What will you see on site? The tower has a circular floor plan and was built from rubble masonry, most likely in the 14th century, during the rule of the Muslim Nasrid dynasty. It is officially protected as a Bien de Interés Cultural, Spain's designation for assets of cultural significance. Its state of preservation is, unfortunately, very poor. A lightning strike in 1970 caused serious damage, and what survives today is mostly the lower section of the wall — in places barely a few metres high — along with a substantial mound of stone rubble that once filled the tower's interior. Visitors won't find an imposing monument here, but rather an archaeological trace of a bygone era, one that holds real value for anyone interested in medieval fortifications. The tower sits on a small elevation close to the village of Puerto Lope, right beside a route that has connected Granada with Alcalá la Real for centuries. This crossroads — linking onward toward Córdoba and Alcalá la Real — has held strategic importance for a very long time, which explains why a watch post was raised precisely here. What was its historical role? Torre de la Gallina never stood alone — it was one link in an extensive chain of watchtowers subordinate to the Castle of Moclín. Its job was to maintain visual contact between the fortifications of the Castle of Íllora and the Atalaya de la Mesa, another point in the signalling chain that ultimately led to the Nasrid capital itself, Granada. Through such towers, defenders could relay warnings of approaching danger over long distances using fire or smoke signals, giving the city precious time to prepare before an enemy ever reached its walls. How do you get there? Torre de la Gallina lies off the beaten path, far from the main tourist routes, making it a destination better suited to travellers drawn to the region's lesser-known history than to mass tourism. The best starting point is the small village of Puerto Lope, from which a short stretch of a few kilometres leads to the tower. It's worth planning the visit as part of a wider trip through the castles and watchtowers of the Poniente Granadino area — including the Castle of Íllora and the fortifications of Moclín — since all these sites once formed a single, coordinated defensive system. Given its ruined state, there's no tourist infrastructure here: no ticket booth, marked trails, or information panels. Sturdy footwear is recommended, along with some caution when approaching the mound that conceals the remaining wall fragments. When should you visit? Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, when temperatures across the province of Granada are milder than during the scorching summer, and the surrounding hills retain a green tint. With no shade or shelter on site, it's best to avoid the middle of the day during the summer months. Frequently asked questions Is Torre de la Gallina open to visitors? Yes, the site is freely accessible, though it has no tourist facilities — this is a destination for those prepared to explore ruins independently. How much of the original tower survives? Very little — mainly the lower part of the wall and a mound of stone rubble from the interior, further damaged by a lightning strike in 1970. What was the tower used for? It formed part of a signalling network linking the Castle of Moclín with the fortifications of Íllora and, further on, with Granada, warning of incursions during the Nasrid era. Is it worth combining with other nearby sites? Absolutely — the area around Puerto Lope and Íllora is dotted with similar watchtowers and castles that together paint a full picture of Granada's medieval defensive system.

Torre de la Martilla

Loja

Torre de la Martilla is the remains of a medieval watchtower standing on the Cerro de Martilla hill, within the municipality of Loja, in the province of Granada, Andalusia. It sits well off the beaten tourist track, but for anyone drawn to history and archaeology it's a worthwhile stop, combining traces of settlement thousands of years old with a fortification from the Nasrid era. What will you see there? Little remains of the tower itself today — a shapeless pile of stones roughly two meters high, built from rubble masonry. Originally it had a circular plan and a truncated conical shape, typical of the Arab watchtowers raised across the region in the 14th century. Despite the modest scale of the ruin, the site still impresses thanks to the panoramic views from the hilltop and the layered history surrounding it. East of the tower lie the remains of a necropolis carved directly into the rock, with numerous graves dated to the early medieval period. On top of Cerro de Martilla you can also find dolmens, evidence that the area was settled and used for ritual purposes long before the Islamic period. It's an unusually dense stacking of historical layers for such a small site. What was the tower's purpose? Torre de la Martilla functioned as a watch post controlling the river crossing toward the Genil — a route of major strategic importance for accessing Loja. Towers of this kind formed a network of observation points that warned of approaching danger and protected the approaches to larger fortresses. Its position on high ground allowed defenders to monitor the valley below and relay signals quickly to neighboring defensive points. How do you get there? The tower lies about 3.5 kilometers west of the village of Ventorros de San José, near the boundary between the municipalities of Loja and Zagra. Getting there requires your own transport — drive to the nearest local road, then take a short walk uphill on foot. Wear sturdy footwear, as the terrain is uneven and trail markings are minimal. The area has no tourist infrastructure, so bring water and a map before setting out. When should you visit? Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, when temperatures in this part of Andalusia are milder and the land around the hill turns green. Summer heat can make the climb considerably harder, especially since there's little shade along the way. Morning hours are recommended, both to avoid the highest temperatures and to catch better light for photographing the surrounding landscape. Frequently asked questions Are there substantial walls still standing? No — what remains today is mainly a pile of stones about two meters high. The appeal lies more in the historical context and archaeological surroundings than in the physical structure itself. How does this differ from typical castles in the region? Torre de la Martilla was a small watchtower, not a large fortress — its role was surveillance and early warning rather than sustained defense. Are there other nearby sites worth seeing? Yes, the same hill holds dolmens and a rock-cut necropolis, making the area interesting for anyone curious about prehistoric archaeology. Is it easy to get to? You'll need your own car and a short but uneven walk on foot — this isn't a stop on typical organized tour routes.

Castillo de las Cinco Esquinas

Cazorla

Castillo de las Cinco Esquinas is a medieval fortress overlooking the town of Cazorla in the province of Jaén, Andalusia. It stands on the Cerro Salvatierra hill, which gave the castle its alternative name, Castillo de Salvatierra. How do you get there? The castle sits on high ground right above Cazorla's town centre, so the easiest approach is on foot from the old quarter. The climb is steep but short, usually taking fifteen to twenty-five minutes depending on where you start. The path winds through the narrow lanes of the La Yedra district, opening onto views of the valley and the Sierra de Cazorla mountains. The site is freely accessible with no admission fee, though sturdy footwear is worth bringing since the ground can be uneven. What will you see? What survives today is mainly the keep, notable for its unusual pentagonal floor plan — the very shape that gave the castle its name, "Five Corners." The two-storey structure still cuts an imposing figure atop the rocky ridge, despite the centuries. Around it lie scattered remains of the outer walls, though much of the original fortification has been lost over time. The fortress was built in the second half of the 14th century, likely commissioned by Archbishop Pedro Tenorio, as part of a defensive line guarding the frontier against raids from the neighboring Emirate of Granada. Archaeological research, including ceramic fragments found on site, suggests an earlier Muslim-era fortification may have stood on the same hill, possibly dating back to the late 12th century, during the Caliphate period. Before that, around 1230, Ferdinand III "the Saint" conquered the Cazorla area and placed it under the Adelantamiento de Cazorla, which came under the authority of the Archbishopric of Toledo in 1231 — it was this ecclesiastical administration that later oversaw the castle's construction. From the platform beside the keep, you get one of the best panoramas over Cazorla and the surrounding Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas mountains, making it a good spot for photos and a breather after the climb. When should you visit? Spring (April to June) and early autumn (September to October) offer the best conditions, with milder temperatures than the height of summer and especially clear views over the valley. In summer, the exposed hilltop can get very hot during the middle of the day, so it's best to plan the climb for morning or evening hours. Since there's no shelter or tourist infrastructure on site, check the weather forecast before visiting, particularly during the rainy season. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee for the castle? No, the site is open to the public and can be visited free of charge, at any time. How long does a visit take? Climbing up and exploring the ruins typically takes 30–45 minutes, though it's worth allowing extra time to take in the panorama. Is the castle suitable for children or visitors with limited mobility? The approach is steep and uneven, with no wheelchair access, so the site is best suited to visitors in reasonably good physical condition. Where does the name "Cinco Esquinas" come from? The name refers to the distinctive five-sided shape of the surviving keep, which sets it apart from the typical square or rectangular towers found elsewhere in the region.

Castillo de Zagra

Zagra

Castillo de Zagra is a medieval fortress overlooking the small town of Zagra in the province of Granada, Andalusia. Its ruins crown a rocky hill roughly 805 meters above sea level, just east of the town near the municipal cemetery. This was once a meeting point between two worlds — Muslim and Christian Spain — and today it offers one of the finest views over the hills surrounding Loja. Where does the name Zagra come from? Both the town and the castle take their name from Arabic, meaning "rock," "crag," or "border" — a fitting description of the site's rugged, frontier character. The settlement's real growth began in the 10th century, when Muslim settlers arrived and reshaped the area with a distinctly defensive layout. From then on, Zagra became a key outpost along the shifting border between the Christian kingdoms and Muslim-ruled Granada. How is the castle laid out? The fortress is made up of two clearly separate sections. The lower enclosure, built on the slope facing today's town, once housed the civilian population. Higher up, at the very top of the hill, stood the alcazaba — the military stronghold that formed the defensive core of the whole complex. This two-tier layout, typical of Andalusian border castles, allowed the site to shelter residents while keeping tight military control over the surrounding territory. What is the castle's history? From the mid-14th century onward, Zagra and the nearby castle of Cesna formed part of a defensive network guarding this contested frontier. Tensions escalated sharply after the Christian conquest of Priego in 1341, turning the area into a zone of near-constant skirmishing. In 1362, Castilian troops under King Peter I ("the Cruel") managed to capture the castle, but the victory was short-lived — Muslim forces retook it within days. Zagra did not pass permanently into Christian hands until 1486, shortly after the fall of nearby Loja, one of the final steps before the collapse of the Emirate of Granada. What condition is the castle in today? After centuries of neglect, the fortress now stands in a state of progressive ruin, though this only adds to its dramatic character. Since April 2003, the castle has been municipal property, and several archaeological excavations have since taken place, shedding new light on its history and construction phases. How do you get there? The castle sits on a hill directly above the center of Zagra, in the Loja district of Granada province. The easiest way to reach it is by car, via the local roads connecting the town to Loja and Granada. From there, a footpath climbs through rocky terrain to the summit — a modest but rewarding hike that opens up sweeping views over the valley below. What is there to see on site? Beyond the walls and the remains of the alcazaba, it's worth tracing the outline of the two defensive zones, still clearly visible on the ground, and taking in the view of the town spread out below the hill. It's also a good spot to get a feel for what life looked like on this Andalusian frontier centuries ago. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn are the best seasons to visit, when temperatures are milder and the climb up the hill is far more comfortable than during the full heat of an Andalusian summer. Frequently asked questions Can you go inside the castle? The castle is in ruins and can be freely explored on foot — there are no ticket booths or permanent visitor facilities on site. How long does a visit take? A full visit, including the walk up and back down the hill, usually takes between 45 minutes and an hour. Do you need a car to get there? Yes, driving is by far the most practical way to reach Zagra, since public transport connections to the town are limited. Are there other attractions nearby? Yes, the Loja area is home to several other border castles and picturesque Andalusian villages that can easily be combined into a single day trip.

Castillo de Fantova

Graus

Castillo de Fantova is a medieval defensive tower standing above the abandoned settlement of Fantova, within the municipality of Graus, in the province of Huesca, Aragón. Perched on a rocky spur above a cliff, it is visible for kilometers around and offers sweeping views over the Ribagorza valley. What is the history behind the castle? The earliest record of the fortress at Fantova dates to the year 960, when the bishop of Roda consecrated the church of Santa Cecilia within the fortified settlement. At that time, Fantova and the neighboring castle of Güel formed the front line of the county of Ribagorza against Muslim garrisons holding the nearby strongholds of Lascuarre, Laguarres and Castigaleu — those were only taken by Sancho the Great in 1017, pushing the frontier further south. Ownership of the castle shifted along with the region's fortunes. In 1228, King James I of Aragón sold it to Berenguer de Eril. A century later, in 1322, James II recovered the county of Ribagorza on behalf of his son and forced local lords to surrender several strongholds to the crown, including Fantova, Fals, Viacamp, Arén and Montañana. From that point the castle gradually lost its strategic role, and the settlement around it was eventually abandoned. What can you see on site? The centerpiece is the circular tower — 18 meters tall, with an interior diameter of 4.55 meters and walls roughly 2 meters thick. Inside, four floors can be distinguished: the ground floor served as a windowless storage chamber, while the first floor, where the entrance door opened, still retains its groin vault ceiling. Alongside the tower stand the ruins of the Santa Cecilia hermitage and remnants of the wall that once enclosed the whole complex. Just outside the walls, look for two anthropomorphic graves carved into the rock in the 10th–11th centuries — one of the region's better-preserved examples of an early medieval churchyard cemetery. How do you get there? Fantova lies within the municipality of Graus, in the heart of Ribagorza, a historic borderland region between Aragón and Catalonia. Access is via local roads from Graus toward the hills surrounding the valley; the final stretch to the castle itself must be covered on foot, along a steep path climbing the rocky spur. Sturdy hiking shoes are recommended, since the ground is uneven and the summit is exposed to wind. When is the best time to visit? Spring and autumn offer the most comfortable conditions, with mild temperatures for the climb and the clearest views. Summer heat in this part of Huesca can be intense, and the trail offers little shade. In winter the terrain can turn icy, making the final approach to the tower more demanding. Frequently Asked Questions Is the castle open to the public and free to visit? Yes, the site is open with no entrance fee. There is no permanent staff or visitor center on location. Is the climb to the top difficult? No climbing skills are required, but the final section is steep and rocky, so proper footwear is essential. Can visitors go inside the tower? Access to the interior can be limited depending on the structure's conservation state — it's worth checking locally before planning on entering, rather than assuming free access. What else is worth seeing nearby? The wider Ribagorza area holds other villages and monuments, including the town of Graus itself with its historic old quarter, making it easy to combine a visit to the castle with broader exploration of the region.

Castillo de Serón

Serón

Castillo de Serón is a medieval fortress perched above the town of Serón, in the province of Almería, in Andalusia, Spain. Only a section of wall and scattered stretches of the original ramparts survive today, but the site remains striking thanks to its position on the town's highest point and the sweeping views over the surrounding valley. How to get there? The castle stands on Calle Castillo, right in the heart of Serón, so the easiest way up is on foot along the narrow, steep streets that climb toward the hilltop. Serón itself sits deep in the Almanzora valley, in the northeastern corner of Almería province, and is best reached by car, for example from Baza or Purchena. Entry to the castle grounds is free, and the climb to the top typically takes no more than fifteen minutes. What will you see? Traces of settlement on this hill go back to prehistoric times, and during the Roman period the site was known as Serius. The fortress as it stands today, however, took shape in the 13th century, when the area was absorbed into the defensive network of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. At that time the castle functioned as a hisn — a watchtower and refuge — guarding the Almanzora valley and the route connecting it to the Baza plateau. It formed part of a chain of strongholds that also included Purchena, Tíjola and Vélez, defending the kingdom's eastern frontier. Later, during the Morisco uprising, the castle served as a shelter for people from the surrounding region. What remains of the original structure is a rectangular layout of walls built from mortar-bound masonry, with brick used at the corners, doors and windows, along with trapezoidal towers on wide bases. Visitors can still make out the spot where the aljibe, a water cistern, once stood, even though the cistern itself no longer exists. In recent decades restoration work has recreated sections of the battlements, added an open-air performance space used for local events, and built a viewpoint at the summit. From there, the panorama takes in the entire Almanzora valley, the Sierra de las Estancias mountains, and, on clear days, parts of Granada province. In 1993 the castle was declared a Site of Cultural Interest (Bien de Interés Cultural). When to visit? Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, since inland temperatures are milder than in summer and the climb up the hill is far more comfortable. Sunset is a particularly rewarding moment — the light falling across the Almanzora valley and surrounding hills makes for a memorable view from the castle's lookout point. Frequently asked questions Is there an entrance fee for the castle? No, entry to Castillo de Serón is free and the site is open year-round. How long does a visit take? Walking through the ruins and up to the viewpoint usually takes 30–45 minutes, plus extra time for the climb through the town's steep streets. Are any original buildings still standing? Mainly a stretch of the perimeter wall and towers survive from the original fortress; the rest consists of modern reconstructions and a viewpoint added during the site's restoration. What else is worth combining with a visit to the castle? It's worth exploring Serón itself along with other towns in the Almanzora valley, several of which also preserve Nasrid-era fortifications, such as Purchena and Tíjola.

Monuments in Spain

Castell de Castell d'Aro

Pazo de Martelo

Torre de Clementino

Torre de Salar

Torre de Peracamps

Castell de Queralt (Bellprat)

Castell de Merlès

Castell de Selmella

Castell de Prenafeta

Castillo-Palacio de los Condes de Padul

Castell de Mediona

Castle of Sant Martí Sarroca

Montbui Castle

Castell de la Roca del Vallès

Castell de la Mola

Torre de la Palma

Torres do Allo

Torre de Abor

Torre de la Gallina

Torre de la Martilla

Castillo de las Cinco Esquinas

Castillo de Zagra

Castillo de Fantova

Castillo de Serón

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