Monuments — Spain — NextOnTrip

Stolperstein dedicated to Constanza Martínez Prieto

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Constanza Martínez Prieto is a small brass memorial plaque set into the pavement in Madrid's Lavapiés neighbourhood, on Calle Argumosa. It commemorates one of the Spanish women deported by the Nazis to a concentration camp during the Second World War. Who was Constanza Martínez Prieto? Constanza Martínez Prieto was born on 16 January 1917 in Madrid's Lavapiés district. Orphaned young — she lost her father at seventeen months old and her mother at the age of thirteen — she was raised by her grandmother and aunt, and trained in French, shorthand and typing. During the Spanish Civil War she joined the Unified Socialist Youth (JSU) and worked for the Republican press, following the Republican government first to Valencia and then to Barcelona, where she typed for the PSUC's political-military commission. After the Republican defeat, she fled to France in January 1939. In Nantes she worked as a domestic servant for a German family, a position she used to make contact with the French Resistance, acting as a liaison between resistance cells in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire. On 27 June 1942 she was arrested in a large raid that swept up around 150 Spanish resistance members. Tried in December 1943 and sentenced to eighteen months in prison, she was handed over to German custody in May 1944 and deported from Paris on 14 June 1944 with a transport of 51 women. She was registered at Ravensbrück concentration camp under prisoner number 43224. From Ravensbrück she was sent to a Hasag munitions subcamp near Leipzig, where she assembled artillery shell components on twelve-hour shifts. Fellow prisoners later recalled how her singing helped lift the spirits of the other Spanish women in the camp. On 14 April 1945, during the evacuation "death march," she managed to hide with the help of three prisoners of war — Czech, Yugoslav and Italian — until Soviet forces liberated the area. After the war she settled in France, married a fellow former deportee, raised two children, and did not return to Spain until the 1970s. She died on 3 January 1997 in Barcelona, having served as vice-president of the Amical de Mauthausen association. What does this memorial stone mean? Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") are the work of German artist Gunter Demnig — small brass plaques set into the pavement outside the last freely chosen home of people persecuted by the Third Reich. This stone is one of a series placed in Madrid's Centro district to remember Lavapiés residents deported to Nazi camps. The inscription gives the person's name, year of birth, the date of deportation, and their fate. How to get there? The stone is set in the pavement at Calle Argumosa 5, in the heart of Lavapiés. The easiest way to reach it is by metro to Lavapiés station (line 3) or Antón Martín (line 1), followed by a short walk. It's worth combining the visit with a stroll past the other stones of the same memorial trail nearby. When to visit? The site is accessible year-round, at any hour, and free of charge — it is simply part of the public pavement. Early morning or late afternoon tend to be quieter, since Calle Argumosa gets busy with café terraces later in the day. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into the pavement, commemorating a specific person who was persecuted and deported by the Nazis from that address. Who was Constanza Martínez Prieto? A Madrid-born resistance member active in France, deported to Ravensbrück in 1944, who survived the war and died in Barcelona in 1997. Is there an entrance fee? No. The stone sits on a public pavement and can be viewed free of charge at any time. Are there other similar memorial stones nearby? Yes, Madrid's Centro district holds around a dozen Stolpersteine dedicated to other residents deported to Nazi camps.

Stolperstein dedicated to Enrique Martínez Barona

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The Stolperstein for Enrique Martínez Barona is a small memorial stone set into a pavement in central Madrid, on Calle Ave María, in the Lavapiés/Embajadores district. It commemorates a man deported by the Nazi regime during the Second World War and forms one stop on a memorial trail connecting central Madrid to the history of the Mauthausen concentration camp. Who was Enrique Martínez Barona? Enrique Martínez Barona was born in 1913 and lived at number 43, Calle Ave María, in Madrid. Like many Spanish Republicans, he fled to France after the Spanish Civil War and the rise of the Franco regime. When Germany occupied France, Spanish exiles were among those swept into the Nazi system of persecution. Martínez Barona was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. He was murdered on 10 February 1942 at Hartheim Castle, one of the sites the Nazis used to kill people they classified as "unfit for work," including concentration camp prisoners. What is a Stolperstein, and why is one here? Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") are part of a Europe-wide project started by German artist Gunter Demnig in the 1990s. Small brass plaques are set into the pavement outside the last known home of a victim of Nazi persecution, each engraved with a name, birth date, and fate. In Madrid, these stones cluster in Lavapiés/Embajadores, a neighbourhood that was home to many Spaniards later deported to German camps after the Republic's defeat. The stone for Enrique Martínez Barona is one of more than a dozen placed in this part of the city. How do you get there? The stone sits on the pavement of Calle Ave María, in the heart of Madrid, a short walk from Lavapiés metro station (Line 3) and Embajadores station (Lines 3 and 5). The easiest approach is on foot from Plaza de Lavapiés, heading toward Ave María and Argumosa streets. Driving isn't practical here — the streets are narrow and traffic-restricted — so metro, bus, or a 15–20 minute walk from Puerta del Sol are the better options. What will you actually see? The stone itself is modest: a brass plaque set flush with the cobblestones, easy to miss unless you're looking for it. The inscription gives the victim's name, year of birth, deportation, and the place and date of death. Nearby, on the same street and the surrounding blocks, other Stolpersteine commemorate Lavapiés residents who met similar fates — following the whole trail gives a clearer sense of how deeply this neighbourhood was affected. When should you visit, and how should you behave? There's no opening hours or ticket — it's a section of public pavement, accessible at any time, any season. That said, this is a memorial site, not a conventional attraction: a moment of quiet reflection is appropriate, and visitors should avoid stepping directly on the stone. If it's obscured by dirt or leaves, gently uncovering the inscription is a welcome gesture. Frequently asked questions How is a Stolperstein different from a monument? It isn't a monument in the usual sense. It's a small brass plaque set into the pavement, placed at the exact spot where the victim lived before deportation — meant to make passers-by stop and notice, not to dominate a skyline. Is there an entry fee? No. The stone is in a public street and can be visited free of charge at any hour. Are there other Stolpersteine nearby? Yes. Lavapiés/Embajadores has more than a dozen stones honouring residents deported to Nazi camps, including Mauthausen. What's the best way to plan a visit? Combine it with a walk through Lavapiés — a district known for its cafés, galleries, and multicultural life — treating the memorial as one stop along the way rather than the sole destination.

Stolperstein dedicated to Fortunato Gil Aldea

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Fortunato Gil Aldea is a small brass-topped memorial stone set into the pavement in the Tetuán district of Madrid, on Calle de El Escorial. It marks the life of a Madrid resident who died in a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War. Who was Fortunato Gil Aldea? Born in 1903, Fortunato Gil Aldea was among the thousands of Spanish Republicans who went into exile in France after the Spanish Civil War ended in 1939. When German forces occupied France, he fell into the hands of the Nazi authorities and was deported to the Mauthausen-Gusen camp complex in Austria. He died in the Gusen subcamp on 9 November 1941, at the age of 38. He was one of roughly 7,000 Spanish republicans held in that camp system and subjected to forced labour. What is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein — literally a "stumbling stone" — is a small cobblestone-sized brass plaque set into the pavement outside the last freely chosen home of a victim of Nazi persecution. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig in the 1990s and has since grown into the largest decentralised memorial in the world, with hundreds of thousands of stones laid across Europe. Madrid has several dozen of them, recalling residents deported to concentration camps, in neighbourhoods such as Tetuán, Malasaña and Chueca. This particular stone lies on the street where his mother used to wait for him every morning. How do you get there? The stone sits on Calle de El Escorial, in the Tetuán district in the northern part of central Madrid. The closest metro stations are Estrecho and Tetuán, both on Line 1, a few minutes' walk away. Several bus routes running along Calle de Bravo Murillo also serve the area. What will you see on site? The stone itself is modest: a 10x10 cm brass-topped cobble embedded flush with the pavement, placed in front of the building linked to the victim. The plaque is engraved with his name, year of birth, the fact of his deportation, and the date and place of his death. It's worth walking a little further around Tetuán, since a handful of other Stolpersteine sit nearby, each marking a different victim. When should you visit? There's no fixed opening time — the stone sits on an ordinary public street and can be seen at any hour, any time of year. Because it marks the death of a real person, it's worth approaching quietly and respectfully rather than treating it as a photo stop. Frequently asked questions How is a Stolperstein different from a monument? A Stolperstein isn't a traditional monument — it's a deliberately understated part of the pavement. Its power comes from encountering a victim's name by chance, right where they once lived. Is there an entrance fee? No. The stone is in a public street, so it can be visited free of charge at any time. Are there other Stolpersteine nearby? Yes — Tetuán and other Madrid neighbourhoods such as Malasaña and Chueca have additional stones dedicated to other residents deported to Nazi camps. Why were Spanish Republicans deported to Nazi camps? After the Spanish Republic's defeat in 1939, many of its supporters fled to France. When Germany occupied France, a number of them were captured by the Nazi authorities and sent to concentration camps, mainly within the Mauthausen-Gusen system.

Stolperstein dedicated to Eugenio Martín Sanz

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The Stolperstein for Eugenio Martín Sanz is a memorial stone set into a pavement in Madrid, one of more than a hundred thousand such markers placed across Europe as part of the world's largest decentralized monument. What is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein — German for "stumbling stone" — is a small brass-topped cobblestone embedded in the pavement. The project was started in 1992 by the German artist Gunter Demnig. Each stone is placed outside the last freely chosen home of a person persecuted under the Nazi regime: Jews, Roma, political dissidents, people targeted for their religion or sexual orientation, victims of forced sterilization, or prisoners of concentration camps. The inscription follows a fixed formula, "Hier wohnte" ("here lived"), followed by the victim's name, year of birth, and, where known, the date of deportation and death. More than 100,000 stones have been laid in over 30 European countries, making the project one of the most widely recognized ways of commemorating Nazi victims directly in the streets where they once lived. Who does this stone in Madrid commemorate? The stone in Madrid bears the name of Eugenio Martín Sanz. Like other Stolpersteine placed in Spain, it belongs to a wider effort to remember Spaniards — largely former Republican fighters and opponents of the Franco regime — who fled to France after the Civil War and, following the German occupation of the country, were among those later deported to Nazi concentration camps, including Mauthausen. This chapter of history remains comparatively little known in Spain itself, and memorial stones placed in cities such as Madrid are meant to attach a name and a face to what would otherwise remain an anonymous statistic. How do you find the stone? The Stolperstein sits in the pavement at coordinates 40.434708, -3.680211. The simplest way to find it is to enter those coordinates into a phone map and walk to the spot as you would to any street address. Because the stone itself is small and flush with the surrounding pavement, look carefully near building entrances, which is the typical placement for this kind of memorial. Central Madrid is well connected by metro and bus, so most such locations are only a short ride from any part of the city centre. When should you visit? The stone can be visited year-round, at any time of day, since it sits outdoors in a public street with no admission charge or fixed schedule. A quieter moment, away from heavy foot traffic, makes it easier to stop and read the inscription properly. Many visitors combine a stop here with other memorials in Madrid dedicated to victims of twentieth-century totalitarian regimes. Frequently asked questions What does "Stolperstein" mean? It is German for "stumbling stone." The name refers to the small brass-topped cobblestones embedded in pavements, designed to make passers-by pause, look down, and notice the spot where a Nazi victim once lived. Who started the project? The German artist Gunter Demnig laid the first stones in 1992. The initiative has since grown into a Europe-wide memorial with more than 100,000 stones in over 30 countries. Is there an entrance fee? No. The stone stands in a public street and can be viewed free of charge at any time. Are there other Stolpersteine in Madrid? Yes. Madrid and other Spanish cities host additional Stolpersteine honoring people deported by the Nazi regime, so this stone forms part of a wider network of memorials.

Stolperstein dedicated to Doroteo Gordo Alonso

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Doroteo Gordo Alonso is a small brass memorial plaque set into the pavement in central Madrid, on Gran Vía 9. It belongs to the wider "Stolperstein" (stumbling stone) project, a network of thousands of similar markers across Europe that commemorate individuals persecuted or killed under the Nazi regime. This particular stone is part of Madrid's own chapter of the project and makes for a quiet but meaningful stop while walking through the city centre. What exactly is this memorial stone? Stolpersteine were conceived by German artist Gunter Demnig, who started the initiative in 1996. Each brass plaque is embedded in the pavement outside the last known home or workplace of a victim, engraved with their name, year of birth, and a brief outline of what happened to them — arrest, deportation, camps, and, where known, their eventual fate. In Madrid, the project has been coordinated since 2019 by Isabel Martínez and Juan Rodríguez, and the city now counts several dozen such stones spread across different neighbourhoods. Who was Doroteo Gordo Alonso? Doroteo Gordo Alonso was born in 1913. He worked as a doorman at the building on Gran Vía 9 — the very spot where his stone now sits. During the Spanish Civil War he was promoted to lieutenant on 31 December 1936. He was arrested in April 1943, a fate shared by many Spanish Republicans of the period who ended up deported abroad. His path led through the Compiègne transit camp in France and then to the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, where he arrived on 19 January 1944. The inscription on the stone also references the Ohrdruf subcamp. Beyond that point, his fate is unknown — the stone ends with the words "destino desconocido" (fate unknown). His story reflects that of many Spanish Republicans who went into exile in France after the Civil War, only to be caught up in Nazi deportations once Germany occupied the country. Where is it and how do you get there? The stone sits at number 9 on Gran Vía, one of Madrid's busiest and most central avenues, linking the area around Plaza de España with the city's main shopping district. The location is very easy to reach: the nearest metro stations are Gran Vía and Callao (lines 3 and 5), and it's just a few minutes' walk from Puerta del Sol. Keep in mind the stone itself is tiny — about the size of a single paving block, flush with the pavement — so it's easy to miss if you're not looking down. Scanning the ground near building entrances along this stretch of Gran Vía, you may also spot other similar stones dedicated to different victims. When is the best time to visit? There's no fixed schedule to worry about, since the stone is simply part of the street and can be viewed at any hour. Daytime visits work best, when natural light makes the engraved text easier to read and Gran Vía is somewhat less crowded than in the evening. November is a particularly fitting time to pause here, as it's a month when many remembrance events tied to the victims of Nazism take place across Europe. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? It's a brass plaque set into the pavement that commemorates a specific person persecuted or killed under the Nazi regime, usually placed outside their last home or workplace. Who was Doroteo Gordo Alonso? He was a doorman at Gran Vía 9 in Madrid who was promoted to lieutenant during the Spanish Civil War, then arrested in 1943 and deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp. Is there a fee to see the stone? No, it sits in a public, open-air location on the pavement and can be visited free of charge at any time. Are there other Stolpersteine in Madrid? Yes, the city has several dozen of them dedicated to different victims, and local coordinators continue to add new stones to the project.

Stolperstein dedicated to Juan Martín de Loeches García Morales

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Juan Martín de Loeches García Morales is one of the small "stumbling stones" set into the pavement of Madrid to mark the former home of a resident deported by the Nazi regime to concentration camps. This particular stone sits in the Ciudad Lineal district, on calle del Apóstol Santiago, at the address where the victim lived before his arrest and deportation. What exactly is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein (German for "stumbling stone") is a small, 10-by-10-centimetre concrete cube topped with a brass plate engraved with the name and key facts of a victim of Nazi persecution. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig in the early 1990s and now counts more than 75,000 stones laid across more than 20 European countries. Each stone is placed in the pavement outside the last address the victim freely chose to live at before arrest or deportation — bringing the memory back into ordinary street life rather than confining it to a museum plaque. Who was Juan Martín de Loeches García Morales? This stone in Ciudad Lineal commemorates a resident of the district who was deported to the Mauthausen and Gusen concentration camps, a notoriously brutal camp complex in Austria that received thousands of Spanish prisoners following the Spanish Civil War and the outbreak of the Second World War. Madrid's city council, together with the victim's family and the local community, held a tribute ceremony for district residents deported to Nazi camps, during which this stone was unveiled alongside others. Madrid is one of the Spanish cities where the Stolpersteine programme has grown most, with the city approaching a hundred installed memorial stones. Where exactly is the stone? The stone is set into the pavement at calle del Apóstol Santiago 29, in Ciudad Lineal, in the northeastern part of Madrid. It's a quiet residential street typical of this part of the city, away from tourist crowds — which makes a visit feel like a personal, quiet act of remembrance rather than a stop on a busy sightseeing route. How do you get there? Ciudad Lineal is well connected to central Madrid by metro; the nearest stations on lines 5 and 7 are a reasonable walk from calle del Apóstol Santiago. Several EMT bus routes also serve the district. Given the nature of the site — a single stone set into an ordinary residential pavement — it's best approached as a short, quiet walk, ideally combined with a wider route covering some of the several dozen Stolpersteine already placed around Madrid. When is the best time to visit? The site can be visited at any time of year, since it's simply a public street rather than a monument with opening hours. Madrid regularly holds anniversary walks and remembrance events connected to deportation victims, especially in spring and autumn; joining one of these is a good way to learn more about the individual stories behind the stones and the history of the district. Frequently asked questions How does a Stolperstein differ from a regular memorial plaque? A Stolperstein is set directly into the pavement at the exact spot where the victim actually lived — a physical restoration of their presence in the fabric of the city, rather than a plaque on a public building or inside a museum. Is it easy to miss the stone? Yes — the stones are small and flush with the paving, so it's worth checking the exact address and coordinates beforehand rather than expecting to stumble across it by chance. Are there more stones like this in Madrid? Yes, Madrid has one of the larger collections of Stolpersteine in Spain, spread across several districts, including a number within Ciudad Lineal itself. Is there an entrance fee? No — the stone sits in a public street and can be visited freely, at any time, at no cost.

Stolperstein dedicated to Máximo González Casado

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The Stolperstein for Máximo González Casado is a small brass memorial stone set into a pavement in central Madrid, marking the fate of one of Spain's victims of Nazism. What is a Stolperstein, and why is one in Madrid? Stolpersteine — literally "stumbling stones" — are small brass plaques embedded in the pavement outside the last known address of a person persecuted or killed under Nazi rule. The project began in Germany but has since spread to Madrid, a city from which hundreds of Spaniards left for exile in France after the Republic's defeat in the Civil War, only to be swept up in Nazi deportations once Germany invaded France. The Madrid initiative is coordinated by Isabel Martínez and Jesús Rodríguez, with support from historian Benito Bermejo, and aims to give back names and addresses to people who for decades existed only as numbers in German camp records. The stone honouring Máximo González Casado sits on Calle San Vicente Ferrer 76, in the Centro district, at the address where he lived before the war. Who was Máximo González Casado? Máximo González Casado was born in 1902 in Navalagamella, a town near Madrid. He fought on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War. After the Republic's defeat in 1939, like thousands of other Republicans, he went into exile in France, leaving behind his wife Teodora — pregnant at the time — and their young son. In France he joined the Compañías de Trabajadores, labour companies that worked alongside the French army as it tried to hold off the German invasion. He was captured at Dunkirk in 1940 and deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, where he died in February 1942. He never met the daughter born after he had already left Madrid. His wife Teodora received a German pension after his death and later spent twelve years in prison under the Franco regime. How do you get to the stone? The Stolperstein is set into the pavement near a street corner on Calle San Vicente Ferrer, in the heart of Madrid's Malasaña neighbourhood. It's an easy walk from the metro stations serving lines 1 and 2 in the city centre. The stone itself is small and easy to miss if you don't already know what you're looking for, so it's worth checking the exact address beforehand. What will you see there? The stone is a modest brass plaque set flush into the sidewalk, engraved with the person's name, year of birth, date of deportation, and place and date of death. It's understated but powerful — one of more than thirty such stones already placed around Madrid, with plans for hundreds more, since several hundred residents of the city were deported to German camps. The stone for Máximo González Casado was one of fifteen laid during a ceremony in July 2021, attended by descendants of the victims, including members of González Casado's own family. When should you visit? There's no fixed schedule or entry fee — the stone sits in a public street and can be visited at any time. Since Calle San Vicente Ferrer runs through the busy, densely built Malasaña neighbourhood, mornings tend to be quieter, giving you a better chance to pause and read the inscription without being jostled by foot traffic. Frequently asked questions What does "Stolperstein" mean? It's German for "stumbling stone" — the idea being that passersby symbolically stumble, pause, and are reminded of the fate of a specific, once-anonymous person. Is there an entry fee? No. The stone is in a public street and can be visited free of charge at any time. Are there other stones like this in Madrid? Yes. Madrid already has more than thirty such stones, and the local initiative behind them plans to add hundreds more in the coming years, honouring residents deported to Nazi camps. Why is this stop worth including on a visit to Madrid? It's a brief but moving detour through the city centre — a reminder that the history of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War intersected in the lives of real, named individuals, not just in the statistics of a history book.

Stolperstein dedicated to Juan García Ramírez

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Juan García Ramírez is a brass "stumbling stone" set into the pavement at Calle Santa Isabel 17 in Madrid's Centro district, in the Lavapiés neighbourhood. It belongs to the Stolpersteine project, an initiative by German artist Gunter Demnig who, since the 1990s, has embedded small commemorative plaques in the ground outside the last known homes of Nazi victims. In Madrid, these stones mark Spaniards who were deported to German concentration camps after the Spanish Civil War. Who was Juan García Ramírez? Juan García Ramírez was born in 1917. Like thousands of other Spanish Republicans, he went into exile in France after the civil war ended. In 1940 he was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. He died on 8 November 1941 at the Gusen subcamp, one of the deadliest sites in the Mauthausen system, where prisoners were forced to work in stone quarries under conditions that caused mass death through exhaustion and starvation. What will you see at the site? The stone itself is small, a brass plaque the size of a cobblestone, set flush with the pavement and engraved with the victim's name, date of birth, date of deportation, and the date and place of death. There is no monument in the traditional sense here — the point of the Stolpersteine is precisely that they surface in ordinary city streets, in front of the door the victim once walked through. More stones can be found nearby on Santa Isabel and across the Centro district: Madrid is one of several Spanish cities where local memory associations have been systematically tracing the fates of deportees who might otherwise be forgotten. How do you get there? Calle Santa Isabel sits right in the heart of Madrid, in Lavapiés, a few minutes' walk from Antón Martín metro station (line 1) or Lavapiés station (line 3). It's a densely built, lively part of the city, so it's worth pairing a visit with a stroll through the surrounding streets, known for their cafés, small galleries, and multicultural character. The stone is set into the ground, so it's easy to miss — look down at your feet near number 17. When should you visit? The site is accessible year-round and at any hour, since it's simply part of an open public street — there are no opening times or tickets. Quieter mid-morning hours make it easier to stop and take a moment without foot traffic pushing past. November, the month Juan García Ramírez died, often brings local remembrance events organised by associations representing former deportees and their descendants. Frequently asked questions What exactly is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into the pavement, part of a Europe-wide project commemorating individual victims of Nazism at the site of their last home address. Why is there a Stolperstein in Madrid rather than in Germany? Demnig's project also covers cities outside Germany where people who were later deported by the Nazi regime had lived. In Spain, most of these were Republicans who went into exile after the civil war and were later captured by German forces in France. Do you need a ticket to visit? No. It's part of an open public pavement, freely accessible at any time. Are there other similar stones nearby? Yes, the Centro district holds more than a dozen Stolpersteine dedicated to Madrid residents deported to concentration camps, so it's worth planning a short memorial walk covering several addresses.

Stolperstein dedicated to Eufemio García García

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Eufemio García García is a small memorial stone set into the pavement in Madrid, on Calle Francos Rodríguez in the Tetuán district. It is one of several hundred such stones placed across the city to commemorate residents deported to Nazi concentration camps. What exactly is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein ("stumbling stone") is a small brass plaque embedded flush with the pavement in front of a victim's last freely chosen home. The project was started in 1997 by German artist Gunter Demnig, and since then more than 75,000 stones have been laid across Europe, from Berlin and Amsterdam to Rome and Madrid. Each plaque is engraved with the victim's name, date of birth, and details of their deportation and fate. There are no pedestals or monuments here — the stones lie level with the street, so that passers-by have to slow down and look at their feet to read them. Why is this stone in Madrid? Madrid joined the project in 2019, when the city's first twelve stones were laid. They commemorate Spanish Republicans who, after the civil war ended in 1939, fled to France and were later swept up by the Nazi occupation and sent to concentration camps, most commonly Mauthausen in Austria. Historians estimate that around 9,300 Spaniards passed through Nazi camps, of whom roughly 5,000 did not survive. The stone dedicated to Eufemio García García sits at Calle Francos Rodríguez 106 — the address where he lived before the war and deportation upended his life. Further stones of this kind can also be found in the nearby districts of Chamberí, Malasaña, and Chueca. How do you get there? Calle Francos Rodríguez runs through the Tetuán district, north of central Madrid. The closest metro station is Francos Rodríguez (line 7), a short walk from the stone. City buses running along Avenida de Asturias or Calle Bravo Murillo also serve the area. The site itself carries no large signage, so it helps to know the exact house number in advance — otherwise it is easy to walk past the small brass plaque set into the pavement. What will you actually see? The stone itself is modest: a square plaque roughly the size of a paving block, set flush with the sidewalk in front of a building entrance. There is no surrounding visitor infrastructure, and that is intentional — Stolpersteine are meant to blend into everyday city life rather than form a separate memorial site. Slowing down to read the inscription, and connecting it to the wider history of a neighborhood that lost many residents this way, is really the point of a visit. When is the best time to visit? The stone sits in open public space, so it can be visited at any time of day, all year round. Quieter mid-morning hours make it easier to stop for a moment of reflection without foot traffic on the narrow pavement. January 27 — International Holocaust Remembrance Day — carries particular significance, as Madrid organizes additional commemorative events at some of the city's stones on that date. Frequently asked questions Do I need to register or buy a ticket to see the stone? No. The Stolperstein sits in an open public space, so access is free and possible at any time. Is the stone easy to spot? Not really — it is small and set flush with the pavement, so it helps to know the exact address (Calle Francos Rodríguez 106) and to look down near the building entrance. Are there other similar stones in Madrid? Yes. Since 2019 the city has laid several hundred Stolpersteine, mainly in the districts of Tetuán, Chamberí, Malasaña, and Chueca, dedicated to residents deported to Nazi camps. Can this stop be combined with other memorial sites in the city? Yes — a short walk through the surrounding districts reveals further stones, giving a sense of how widely the deportations affected the local community.

Stolperstein dedicated to Florentino García Hernández

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Florentino García Hernández is a small brass memorial stone set into a pavement in Madrid, in the Salamanca district, at Calle de Concepción Bahamonde 5. It belongs to the growing European network of Stolpersteine — "stumbling stones" — that mark the last known homes of people persecuted or murdered by the Nazi regime. Madrid alone now holds several hundred of these stones, each one carrying a real name rather than an anonymous statistic. Who does this stone commemorate? Florentino García Hernández was born in 1897. Like thousands of other Spanish Republicans, he went into exile in France after the Spanish Civil War. When France fell during the Second World War, many Spanish refugees ended up in the hands of the German occupying authorities. García Hernández was interned at Gneixendorf, and in 1941 he was deported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, one of the harshest camps in the Nazi system. He was later transferred to the Ebensee subcamp, where prisoners were forced to work under extreme conditions on underground armaments facilities. García Hernández survived his imprisonment and lived to see liberation. How do you get there? The stone sits on the pavement outside the building at Calle de Concepción Bahamonde 5, in a quiet residential corner of the Salamanca district, east of central Madrid. The metro is the simplest way in — the nearest stations serving this part of the city are a short walk away. It's worth combining this stop with a look at other Stolpersteine scattered across Madrid, particularly in the neighbouring Retiro and Centro districts, where the plaques are most densely clustered. What will you actually see? The Stolperstein itself is a small, square brass plate set flush with the pavement, engraved with the person's name, birth year, and the key dates of their deportation. There's no monument or information panel in the traditional sense — the whole idea behind the Stolperstein project is that passers-by "stumble" visually on a real name, exactly where that person once lived. It's a modest but affecting site, best visited as part of a wider walk through places connected to the history of Spanish deportees. When is the best time to visit? The stone can be seen year-round, at any hour, since it's simply part of the pavement with no opening times. Morning or afternoon light works best for reading the engraving and taking a photo, when the street isn't in shadow. If you want a quiet moment to pause, it helps to avoid the busiest rush-hour times on this residential street. Frequently asked questions What exactly is a Stolperstein? It's a small brass stone set into the pavement in front of the last known home of a person persecuted or killed under the Nazi regime. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig and now spans many European cities, Madrid included. Did Florentino García Hernández survive the war? Yes. After internment and deportation to Mauthausen, and later to the Ebensee subcamp, he lived to see the camp's liberation. Is there an entrance fee? No. The stone is set in a public pavement and can be visited free of charge at any time. Are there other Stolpersteine nearby? Yes. Madrid has a network of several hundred such stones, with a particularly dense concentration in the Centro and Retiro districts, making it easy to plan a short memorial walk.

Stolperstein dedicated to Manuel García García

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Manuel García García is a small brass memorial plaque set into the pavement at Calle del Mesón de Paredes 60, in the heart of Madrid's Lavapiés neighborhood. It belongs to the Europe-wide "stumbling stone" project started by German artist Gunter Demnig, which marks the last freely chosen home of a victim of Nazism, right where passers-by walk every day. Who was Manuel García García? Manuel García García was a pastry chef from Lavapiés. He trained in the trade from 1930 and eventually headed the pastry team at Madrid's Hotel Nacional. When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, he joined the Republican militias without hesitation, fighting in the Sierra de Guadarrama and later at the Battle of the Ebro. After the Republic's defeat he went into exile in France, where he was captured on January 25, 1941. The Germans deported him to Mauthausen concentration camp (prisoner number 3243) and later to its subcamp Gusen. He died there on July 3, 1942, of pulmonary tuberculosis, only months after his deportation. Why is the stone here, in Madrid? Stolpersteine are traditionally placed outside the last address a victim chose for themselves — which is why this stone sits in Lavapiés, the neighborhood where García lived before the war forced him abroad. It's one of a wider group: in July 2019, Madrid's Centro district provisionally installed more than a dozen such stones honoring residents deported to German concentration camps. Around 9,300 Spaniards ended up in Nazi camps, most of them Republican political exiles who had fled to France after the civil war ended in 1939, only to be swept up by the German occupation and deportation machine once the Second World War began. What will you actually see? Don't expect a monument. It's a discreet brass plaque, roughly the size of a cobblestone, set flush into the pavement and engraved with the victim's name, dates, and place of death. That modesty is the point — Stolpersteine work because you stumble across a real person's name in an ordinary street, not in a fenced-off memorial site. How do you get there? The stone is on Calle del Mesón de Paredes 60, in Lavapiés, one of Madrid's most walkable central neighborhoods. The nearest metro stations are Lavapiés and Tirso de Molina (Line 1), both a few minutes' walk away. It pairs naturally with a short walking route through the other memorial stones scattered across the Centro district. When should you visit? Any time — it's a public street, not a site with opening hours. That said, this isn't a conventional sightseeing stop: treat it as a moment of quiet reflection rather than a box to tick off an itinerary. Frequently asked questions What exactly is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein ("stumbling stone") is a small brass plaque embedded in the pavement outside the last freely chosen home of a victim of Nazi persecution. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig and now spans hundreds of European cities, including Madrid. Who was Manuel García García? A pastry chef from Lavapiés who fought with the Republican militias during the Spanish Civil War, was captured after fleeing into exile in France, and was deported to the Mauthausen and Gusen concentration camps, where he died in 1942. Is this the only Stolperstein in Madrid? No — more than a dozen similar stones were installed in the Centro district in 2019, each honoring a different Madrid resident deported to a Nazi concentration camp. How do I get there by public transport? Take the metro to Lavapiés or Tirso de Molina (Line 1); the stone is a short walk from either station, at Calle del Mesón de Paredes 60.

Stolperstein dedicated to José Galinier Muñoz

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The Stolperstein dedicated to José Galinier Muñoz is a small brass plaque set into the pavement on Calle Doctor Fourquet, in Madrid's Lavapiés-Embajadores neighbourhood. It belongs to the wider European "Stolpersteine" ("stumbling stones") project, which marks the last known homes of people deported and killed under the Nazi regime. Where exactly is the stone? The plaque sits outside Doctor Fourquet 20, right in the heart of Lavapiés — one of Madrid's most distinctive neighbourhoods, a short walk from Lavapiés metro station (line 3) and Embajadores station (lines 3 and 5). The street is a busy, densely built residential lane, so the stone is easy to miss: look down at the pavement rather than at the building fronts. Who was José Galinier Muñoz? José Galinier Muñoz lived at Doctor Fourquet 20 together with his siblings, Isabel and Federico, and his father, Carlos. He was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Mauthausen, in Austria, where he died on 6 September 1941. What happened to the rest of the family afterwards is only partly documented: his sister Isabel appears at a series of addresses in Lavapiés in the municipal census records, while his brother Federico's trace disappears from those same records as early as 1925. What is the Stolpersteine project? Stolpersteine is an ongoing initiative started by German artist Gunter Demnig in the 1990s and since carried out across many European cities. Each brass stone is laid in front of a victim's last known address, engraved with their name and the dates and places of their deportation and death. The stone for José Galinier Muñoz is one of more than a dozen such markers placed in Lavapiés-Embajadores, a neighbourhood from which several residents were deported to concentration camps during the war. What will you actually see? The stone itself is modest — roughly the size of a paving block, flush with the pavement at the entrance to the building. There is no larger monument or explanatory panel here; the quiet, everyday setting is part of how these memorials work. Visitors typically pause for a moment at the stone, sometimes leaving a flower or a small stone, following a custom common at these memorials across Europe. How should you behave when visiting? This is a memorial, not a conventional sightseeing stop. It's worth pausing quietly, avoiding stepping directly on the plaque, and being mindful when taking photographs. Reading the inscription and taking a moment before moving on is the simplest way to visit respectfully, especially since the stone sits on an ordinary, busy residential street. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into the pavement outside the last home of a person persecuted or killed under the Nazi regime. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig. Where exactly is this stone located? At Doctor Fourquet 20, in the Lavapiés-Embajadores neighbourhood of Madrid, close to the Lavapiés and Embajadores metro stations. Who was José Galinier Muñoz? A resident of Lavapiés who was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp, where he died on 6 September 1941. He lived with his sister Isabel, brother Federico, and their father Carlos. Are there other stones like this in Madrid? Yes, more than a dozen Stolpersteine have been placed in the Embajadores neighbourhood for different residents deported during the war, with further ones planned.

Stolperstein dedicated to Manuel García Barrado

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Manuel García Barrado is a small "memorial stone" set into the pavement at Calle Bustamante 4, in the Delicias neighborhood of Madrid's Arganzuela district. Its brass plaque marks the life of a man who once lived at this address before being deported to a Nazi concentration camp. Who was Manuel García Barrado? Manuel García Barrado was born in 1918 in Calzada de Oropesa, in the province of Toledo. Before the war upended his life, he had come up through Real Madrid's youth ranks and worked as a draughtsman and illustrator. In 1941 he was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. His drawing skills turned out to be decisive for his survival. During a camp assessment of prisoners' trades, when asked about his profession he sketched the outline of a house in the air with his finger — the camp official recorded him as an architect. That small gesture moved him from harsher labor into the camp's construction office, where conditions were relatively less brutal than elsewhere in Mauthausen. García Barrado survived the war. After liberation he settled for decades in the Austrian town of Mauthausen itself, where he became involved with the local Memorial dedicated to preserving the memory of the camp's victims. He died in 2006. What does the stone at Calle Bustamante commemorate? A Stolperstein (German for "stumbling stone") belongs to a Europe-wide art project that embeds small brass-topped cobblestones into pavements in front of the last known homes of victims of Nazi persecution. Rather than a monument in a public square, remembrance is tied to an ordinary address and the everyday street the person once walked. The stone dedicated to Manuel García Barrado was laid on December 1st in front of the building at Bustamante 4 — his former Madrid address, from which he was taken before deportation. Its plaque carries his name, year of birth, the date of deportation, and, where known, his fate or place and date of death. How do you get there? Calle Bustamante sits in the Delicias neighborhood, within the Arganzuela district, south of central Madrid. The nearest metro stations are Delicias (Line 3) and Palos de la Frontera (Line 3), both a few minutes' walk away. City buses running along the nearby Paseo de las Delicias and Méndez Álvaro also serve the area. What should you know before visiting? The Stolperstein sits flush with the pavement, in the pedestrian path, so it's easy to walk past without noticing — look down at ground level near number 4. There's no visitor infrastructure here: no eye-level information panel, no ticket booth, no set opening hours. A visit takes literally a few minutes and pairs well with a walk through Delicias, where other similar stones may be found nearby. Given what the site represents — the memory of a victim of persecution — visitors should keep a quiet, respectful tone: avoid stepping directly on the stone or treating it as a photo backdrop. Frequently asked questions Is there a sign in English or Spanish explaining the stone? No — the plaque is in German, following the standard format used across the Europe-wide Stolpersteine project, and gives basic biographical details of the person commemorated. How long does a visit take? It's a point on the pavement rather than an attraction with facilities, so seeing it takes only a few minutes. Are there other Stolpersteine in Madrid? Yes, several other stones exist across different Madrid neighborhoods, honoring residents deported to Nazi camps; many cluster in areas where victims lived before the war. Is there an entrance fee? No, the stone sits on public pavement and can be visited freely, like any other part of the street.

Stolperstein dedicated to Valentìn Fouce Llana

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Valentín Fouce Llana is set into the pavement of Calle Espronceda 13, in Madrid's Chamberí district. This small brass-topped memory stone marks the home of a man who was deported to a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War. What is this monument, and who does it honor? Stolpersteine — "stumbling stones" — are a Europe-wide project of small memorials: 10x10 cm cobblestones topped with a brass plate, laid into the pavement outside the last freely chosen home of someone persecuted under the Third Reich. In Madrid, the initiative documents residents of the region who were murdered, deported, forced into exile, or driven to suicide by Nazi policy. The stone at Espronceda 13 bears the name of Valentín Fouce Llana. How do you get there? The stone lies on the pavement at Calle Espronceda 13, in a quiet residential stretch of Chamberí — a central Madrid district well served by the city's metro and bus network. There are no opening hours, no tickets, and no signage beyond the stone itself; you need the address to find it. What is known about Valentín Fouce Llana? According to his family, he lived at Espronceda 13 with his household until 1939, when — as his daughter later recalled — a neighbor "suggested" they leave. He belonged to the wider group of Spanish Republicans who, after the civil war and the outbreak of the Second World War, fell into the hands of Nazi authorities and were deported to a German concentration camp. For decades his story went untold amid the enforced silence of post-war Spain; the Stolperstein project has since brought it back into public memory. When was the stone laid, and who attended? The stone at Espronceda 13 was unveiled on 28 April 2023, during a joint ceremony in which six new Stolpersteine were laid across Chamberí — also honoring Gonzalo and Antonio Ortiz Crespo, Fernando Salcedo Rabanaque, Mariano Expósito Garrido, and Karl Frommknecht. Fouce Llana's elderly daughter attended with her family, alongside neighbors and members of the organizations behind the memory project. What will you see on site? The plate itself is easy to miss — which is part of the point: passers-by "stumble" visually on a name and a date, pause for a moment, and are reminded of a life once lived there. The stone carries the victim's name and a note of deportation. Elsewhere in this part of Chamberí you can find other Stolpersteine unveiled the same day, turning a short walk through the neighborhood into a brief history lesson. Frequently Asked Questions Is this a grave? No. A Stolperstein is not a burial site — it is a symbolic marker placed at the victim's last known home, not at the place where they died. Is it free to visit? Yes. The stone sits in public space, on an open pavement, accessible at any time. Is it worth combining with other stones in Chamberí? Yes — several Stolpersteine have been laid in the district over the years, so a short walk lets you see more than one. Was the victim's family present at the unveiling? Yes. In April 2023, Valentín Fouce Llana's daughter attended the ceremony together with relatives.

Stolperstein dedicated to Juan Antonio García Acero

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Juan Antonio García Acero is a small brass memorial stone set into the pavement at Calle de la Huerta del Bayo 5, in the Embajadores (Lavapiés) neighbourhood of Madrid. It commemorates one of the city's residents deported to Nazi concentration camps during the Second World War. Who is this stone dedicated to? Juan Antonio García Acero worked as a carabinero, a member of the Spanish border and customs guard. During the Spanish Civil War he fought on the Republican side and, through wartime merit, rose to the rank of lieutenant. He was a widower and father of six children. After the Republic's defeat in 1939 he had to flee Spain, joining the thousands of Republicans who crossed into France in search of safety. In France he fell into German hands. In 1940 he was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in February 1941 he was transferred to the Gusen subcamp, where he died in December 1941. A neighbour from the very same building, Manuel Nieto Sainz, was also deported and died in the same camp — two lives from one address, remembered side by side. What is a Stolperstein, and why is it here? Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") are part of an international memorial art project: a small brass-topped cobblestone, roughly 9.6 by 9.6 centimetres, is set into the pavement directly in front of a victim's last freely chosen home. Each plaque carries the phrase "Here lived" (hier wohnte), the person's name, details of their deportation, and the place and date of death or liberation. García Acero's stone was laid on 2 July 2021, during a ceremony organised by Madrid's Centro district in which 15 such stones were installed across the pavements of Lavapiés and Embajadores, honouring residents deported to German concentration camps. The location is never arbitrary: each stone marks the exact spot where the victim lived before being forced to flee or was arrested. How do you get there, and what should you know before visiting? The stone sits on the pavement of Calle de la Huerta del Bayo, in the heart of Lavapiés — one of Madrid's most multicultural and lively neighbourhoods, well connected by metro (Lavapiés and Embajadores stations) and bus. There is no admission fee and no opening hours: the stone is embedded in a public street and can be visited at any time. Take a moment to read the inscription — it is the only way to learn the story of the person who once lived there. Several other Stolpersteine lie nearby, so it is worth planning a short memorial walk through Lavapiés and Embajadores to visit a few of them together. Why is this stone worth a stop? Stolpersteine are not a conventional tourist attraction — they are a form of local remembrance that gives back a name and a face to victims who are often reduced to statistics in history books. Pausing at García Acero's stone means confronting, on a human scale, the cost of Francoist and Nazi persecution: the fate of a widower and father of six who paid with his life, far from home, for his loyalty to the Republic. Frequently asked questions Where exactly is the stone located? On the pavement at Calle de la Huerta del Bayo 5, in the Embajadores (Lavapiés) neighbourhood in central Madrid. Who was Juan Antonio García Acero? A carabinero and Republican army lieutenant, widower and father of six, deported in 1940 to Mauthausen and later to Gusen, where he died in December 1941. Do you need a ticket or a booked visit? No — the stone is part of the public pavement and can be seen at any time, free of charge. Are there other memorial stones nearby? Yes, Lavapiés and Embajadores contain a dozen or so Stolpersteine, laid as part of the same 2021 memorial initiative.

Stolperstein dedicated to Andrés Fariñas Adsuar

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Andrés Fariñas Adsuar sits in Madrid's Chamberí district, at Calle Viriato 2, a short walk from the Nuevos Ministerios business area. It's a small brass-topped cobblestone set into the pavement — one of more than four hundred such markers scattered across the city, each honoring a Madrid resident murdered in the Nazi concentration camp system. Who was Andrés Fariñas Adsuar? Born in 1919, Andrés Fariñas Adsuar was among the many Spanish Republicans forced into exile in France in 1939, after the end of the Spanish Civil War. During the German occupation he passed through the Fallingbostel transit camp before being deported in 1941 to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. He was killed on 17 October 1941 at Gusen, one of Mauthausen's harshest subcamps, notorious for the speed at which forced labor and starvation killed newly arrived prisoners. The stone at Calle Viriato 2 marks the address where he lived before he was forced to leave Spain. What does the memorial stone represent? A Stolperstein — literally a "stumbling stone" — is a small brass-covered paving block, part of a project started by German artist Gunter Demnig. Each one is set into the sidewalk in front of a victim's last freely chosen home and engraved with basic biographical facts: name, year of birth, the date of exile or arrest, and the place and date of death. In Madrid, the project traces the fate of Republican exiles and anti-Francoist activists who, after losing the civil war, fell into the hands of the Nazi terror apparatus in France and Germany. How do you get there? The stone is embedded in the pavement on Calle Viriato 2, in a quiet residential stretch of Chamberí well served by Madrid's metro network — the closest stations are Nuevos Ministerios and Gregorio Marañón. Because it's simply part of a public street, it's accessible around the clock at no cost, with no ticket or booking required. What will you see on site? The stone itself is unassuming — the size of a standard paving block, with a brass plate on top bearing the engraved inscription. There's no museum, no multilingual information panel, no large monument: the format is deliberately modest and personal, placed literally underfoot so that an ordinary walk through the city becomes a moment to pause and remember one specific person and their fate. When should you visit? The stone can be visited at any time of day or year, since it's part of the open street rather than a site with opening hours. Daylight does make the engraved brass surface easier to read, so a daytime visit gives the clearest view of the inscription. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? It's a small brass-topped paving stone embedded in the sidewalk in front of a Nazi victim's last home, engraved with basic facts about their life and death. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig and now includes similar stones in cities across Europe. Who was Andrés Fariñas Adsuar and how did he die? Born in 1919, he fled to France in 1939 after the Spanish Civil War. During the German occupation he was held at the Fallingbostel camp before being deported to Mauthausen and then to its Gusen subcamp, where he was killed on 17 October 1941. Where exactly is the stone located? On the pavement at Calle Viriato 2, in Madrid's Chamberí district, close to the Nuevos Ministerios metro station. Are there other stones like this in Madrid? Yes — the city has more than four hundred similar markers, each dedicated to a different person who fell victim to the Nazi concentration camp system after the Spanish Civil War.

Stolperstein dedicated to Karl Frommknecht Grosshaus

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Karl Frommknecht Grosshaus is a small memorial stone set into the pavement in Madrid's Chamberí district, at the corner of Calle Viriato and Calle Bravo Murillo. The brass plaque commemorates one of the Spanish victims of the Nazi regime and forms part of a wider European project that marks the last known homes of people deported to concentration camps. What exactly is it? A Stolperstein — literally a "stumbling stone" — is a small cobble-sized block, roughly 10 cm square, topped with a brass plate engraved with the victim's name and a short account of their fate. The project was started in 1992 by German artist Gunter Demnig, and its idea is simple: each stone is laid into the pavement outside the last known residence of a person persecuted by the Nazis, so that passers-by "stumble" — figuratively — over the memory rather than walking past it unnoticed. In Madrid, the stones honor Spaniards who ended up in German concentration camps following the fall of the Republic and the outbreak of the Second World War. The story behind the stone The stone for Karl Frommknecht Grosshaus was laid on 28 April 2023, during an installation that added six new Stolpersteine to Chamberí at once. Most of the people honored that day had been sent to Gusen concentration camp in Austria, a subcamp of the Mauthausen system notorious for some of the harshest forced-labor conditions in the entire Nazi camp network. Frommknecht Grosshaus's own story carries a particularly striking family dimension. For years, he was remembered within his own family as someone associated with Nazism — a version of events that persisted from the years of Franco-era Spain, when silence about a Republican past was the norm and the truth about many personal histories became distorted or erased. It took decades of research by his grandson, Juan, to reconstruct what had actually happened: the man had in fact fought on the Republican side, the opposite of what the family had long believed. His case illustrates how postwar silence and fear could warp the memory of loved ones for generations, and how initiatives like the Stolpersteine project — together with painstaking archival work — are now helping restore such stories to their proper context. How to get there The stone sits in Chamberí, a quiet, upscale residential district just north of central Madrid, known for its early-20th-century architecture and the historic Mercado de Chamberí. The easiest way to arrive is by metro: the nearest stations are Cuatro Caminos (lines 1, 2 and 6), and Islas Filipinas or Guzmán el Bueno, all within a short walk of the corner of Viriato and Bravo Murillo. Bravo Murillo is one of the district's main shopping streets, so a visit to the stone can easily be combined with a stroll past nearby cafés and shops. When to visit? The stone can be visited at any time of year, since it sits on an open public pavement with no opening hours to work around. That said, it is small and easy to miss — it helps to know the exact address in advance and to allow a quiet moment to reflect rather than rushing to find it. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into a small paving stone, placed outside the last known home of a person persecuted under the Nazi regime. The project was launched in 1992 by German artist Gunter Demnig. Who was Karl Frommknecht Grosshaus? A Spaniard deported during the Nazi era. For years his family mistakenly remembered him as a Nazi sympathizer, until research by his grandson Juan revealed that he had actually fought on the Republican side. Where exactly is the stone located? At the corner of Calle Viriato and Calle Bravo Murillo, in Madrid's Chamberí district, marking his last known place of residence. Is there an admission fee? No — the stone is set into a public pavement and can be visited free of charge at any time.

Stolperstein dedicated to Mariano Expósito Garrido

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Stolperstein dedicated to Mariano Expósito Garrido is a small memorial stone set into the pavement at Calle de Viriato 3, in Madrid's Chamberí district. It belongs to a series of "stumbling stones" installed across the city, part of the wider European project started by artist Gunter Demnig, commemorating local residents killed as a result of Nazi persecution. Who was Mariano Expósito Garrido? Mariano Expósito Garrido was born in 1911. Following the Spanish Civil War, he went into exile in France — a path shared by thousands of Republican refugees who crossed the Pyrenees after 1939. In 1940 he was deported on a transport recorded as "Convoy 927" to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. He died on 25 September 1941 at Hartheim Castle, a facility the Nazi regime used for its so-called "euthanasia programme," also employed to murder concentration camp prisoners deemed unfit for forced labour. What does this stone mark? A Stolperstein (German for "stumbling stone") is a small brass-topped cobblestone set into the sidewalk outside a victim's last known home or workplace. In Madrid, these stones commemorate people from the wider region who were killed, deported, expelled, or driven to suicide by the policies of the Third Reich — most of them Spanish Republicans who ended up in Nazi-occupied France after the civil war. How do you get there? The stone sits on the pavement at Calle de Viriato 3, in a quiet residential stretch of Chamberí, one of Madrid's central districts. The area is well served by metro (stations around Iglesia and Gregorio Marañón) and city buses. It's worth allowing time for a short walk through the surrounding streets, since several other Stolpersteine were laid in the same part of Chamberí as part of the same memorial initiative. What will you see on site? The stone itself is easy to miss unless you know what to look for — that's the point of the project: an ordinary walk down the street is interrupted by a specific name, birth year, and details of deportation, prompting passers-by to pause. The plaque carries the victim's name, year of birth, and information about the deportation and place of death. When should you visit? The stone can be visited at any time of day or year, as it sits in a public street with no set opening hours. Given the nature of the site, a quiet moment — early morning or mid-afternoon, when foot traffic is lighter — allows for a more reflective visit. Why does it matter? Madrid's Stolpersteine are part of a broader European memory project that today includes tens of thousands of stones across many countries. In Madrid, they mark the fate of Spanish Republicans who, after losing the civil war, ended up in Nazi concentration camps — a chapter of Second World War history that is often left out of narratives centred on Central European victims. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass-topped cobblestone set into the pavement, marking with a name and dates a victim of Nazi persecution at their last known address. Where exactly is this stone located? At Calle de Viriato 3, in Madrid's Chamberí district. What happened to Mariano Expósito Garrido? Born in 1911, he went into exile in France after the Spanish Civil War, was deported to Mauthausen in 1940, and died on 25 September 1941 at Hartheim Castle. Is it worth planning a longer stop? This is a single point of memory that takes only a few minutes to visit during a walk through Chamberí — it pairs well with a visit to the other Stolpersteine laid in the same neighbourhood.

Stolperstein dedicated to Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán

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The Stolperstein for Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán is a brass memorial stone set into a pavement in Madrid, one of eight such stones in the city dedicated to Spanish Republicans deported to Nazi concentration camps. Who was Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán? Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán was born in 1882 in Consuegra, in the province of Toledo. He served as an officer in the Republican army and became one of the more significant military figures on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War. In 1934, together with artillery captain Urbano Orad de la Torre, he founded the Republican Anti-Fascist Military Union (UMRA), created as a counterweight to the right-wing Spanish Military Union (UME), which gathered officers sympathetic to fascism. During the civil war he took an active part in operations against the so-called fifth column — networks of Franco sympathisers operating behind Republican lines. After the Republic's defeat, he went into exile. When Nazi Germany occupied France, he was captured and deported to a concentration camp. He died at Dachau on 13 February 1945, only weeks before the camp was liberated by American forces. What is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein, literally a "stumbling stone," is a small brass plaque set into the pavement in front of the last known home or workplace of a person persecuted by Nazi Germany. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig and today such stones can be found in thousands of towns across Europe. Each stone carries a name, a birth date, and details of the person's fate — the camp they were deported to and, where known, the place and date of death. The stone for Díaz-Tendero is one of eight in Madrid commemorating Republicans deported to Nazi camps, a group of Holocaust victims that received little public attention in Spain for decades. Where is it and how do you get there? The stone is set into a pavement in central Madrid, at a location connected to Díaz-Tendero's life or activities. Because Stolpersteine are small and flush with the ground, they are easy to miss — look down at the pavement rather than at building facades. Central Madrid is easiest to reach by metro or city bus, and the network covers all the neighbourhoods where memorial stones can be found. Viewing the stone itself takes only a moment, so it's worth combining the visit with a longer walk through the surrounding streets. What should you know before visiting? A Stolperstein is a memorial, not a conventional tourist attraction. There's no visitor infrastructure, no multilingual information panels, no set route — the stone speaks for itself through a brief inscription. Anyone interested in the history of Spanish Republicans deported to Nazi camps can extend the visit to the other seven stones placed around Madrid, which together form a small memorial trail for Spanish victims of Nazism. Frequently asked questions What is the Stolperstein for Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán? It's a brass memorial stone set into a Madrid pavement, commemorating a Republican army officer deported to Dachau, where he died in 1945. Why was Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán deported to a Nazi camp? As a Republican and opponent of Franco, he had to leave Spain after the civil war; when Nazi Germany occupied France, he was captured and sent to a concentration camp. Are there other memorial stones like this in Madrid? Yes, this stone is one of eight Stolpersteine in Madrid dedicated to Spanish Republicans who died in Nazi concentration camps. How do you reach the location where the stone is placed? The best way is by metro or bus to central Madrid, followed by a short walk while watching the pavement carefully.

Stolperstein dedicated to Luis Espejo Díaz

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The Stolperstein for Luis Espejo Díaz is a small memorial stone set into the pavement at Calle San Vicente Ferrer 8, in the Centro district of Madrid. What kind of memorial is this? A Stolperstein — literally a "stumbling stone" — is a 10-by-10-centimetre brass plaque embedded in the pavement outside the last home of a victim of Nazi persecution. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig in the early 1990s, and tens of thousands of these plaques now mark pavements across European cities. In Madrid, the stones commemorate Spanish Republicans who went into exile in France after the Spanish Civil War and were later deported to Nazi concentration camps. Who was Luis Espejo Díaz? Luis Espejo Díaz was born in 1917. Like thousands of other Spanish Republicans, he went into exile in France once the civil war ended. He was interned at the Vesoul camp and, in 1941, deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. He was killed on 3 January 1942 at Gusen, one of Mauthausen's subcamps, notorious for some of the harshest forced-labour conditions in the entire camp system. The inscription on the plaque summarises this path in a few lines: born 1917, exiled to France, interned at Vesoul, deported in 1941, sent to Mauthausen, and killed at Gusen. Where exactly is the stone located? The plaque sits in the pavement in front of number 8, Calle San Vicente Ferrer, in the Centro district — Madrid's historic city core. This was the address where Luis Espejo Díaz lived before leaving Spain. In keeping with the logic of the Stolperstein project, the stone marks the victim's last freely chosen home rather than the place of death, returning their memory to the everyday life of the neighbourhood they were once part of. Why is this spot worth a moment? The stone belongs to a wider network of memorials scattered across Madrid. More than 9,000 Spaniards were deported to Nazi camps between 1940 and 1944, and nearly 60 percent of them did not survive. Visiting a single stone is a small gesture, but it's worth knowing that many more exist in the city, forming a walkable route of remembrance through the historic centre. This isn't a tourist attraction in the conventional sense — it's a quiet, deliberate act of memory built into the fabric of a street that residents and passers-by cross every day. When is a good time to visit? The stone can be seen at any time, since it's simply part of the pavement, with no opening hours or restrictions. It's best taken in as part of a slow walk through the Centro district, combined with a look at other Stolpersteine nearby. Daylight helps when reading the small engraved text on the brass plaque, so choosing a time when the sun isn't too low over the street makes the inscription easier to see. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into the pavement, marking the last home of a victim of Nazi persecution before their deportation. Who was Luis Espejo Díaz? A Spanish Republican born in 1917, exiled to France after the civil war, and later deported to Mauthausen-Gusen, where he was killed in January 1942. Where is the stone located? At Calle San Vicente Ferrer 8, in the Centro district of Madrid. Is this the only such stone in Madrid? No — the city holds many Stolpersteine dedicated to other Spanish deportation victims, mostly concentrated in the central districts.

Stolperstein dedicated to Pedro Díaz Clemente

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Pedro Díaz Clemente is a small brass memorial stone set into the pavement at Calle Virtudes 22 in Madrid's Chamberí district. It belongs to a network of several hundred such stones scattered across the Spanish capital, each marking the life of a city resident who died in a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War. What is this place? A Stolperstein (German for "stumbling stone") is part of an international memorial project, originating in Germany, that commemorates victims of Nazi persecution at the site of the last home they chose to live in before deportation. The stone dedicated to Pedro Díaz Clemente carries a brief but precise record: the victim's name, the date of deportation, and the date of death. According to available records, Pedro Díaz Clemente was deported to Mauthausen concentration camp on 27 January 1941, transferred to the Gusen subcamp on 17 February 1941, and died there on 18 December 1941. This single stone belongs to a wider, lesser-known chapter of Spanish history. After the Spanish Civil War ended in 1939, thousands of Republicans and opponents of the Franco regime fled to France to escape reprisals. Many of them were later captured following the German occupation of France and deported to Nazi concentration camps, including Mauthausen-Gusen. Historians estimate that more than 9,000 Spanish prisoners passed through Nazi camps, of whom around 5,000 did not survive. How do you get there? The stone sits in open public space — embedded in the pavement at Calle Virtudes 22, in a quiet residential part of Chamberí, close to central Madrid. It can be reached on foot at any time, free of charge, with no ticket or reservation required. It's worth combining a visit with a longer walk through Chamberí, since the district and its surrounding streets hold a number of similar stones dedicated to other victims. What will you see on site? The stone itself is small — a brass plaque roughly the size of a standard paving block, set flush with the pavement so it never rises above street level. Its surface is engraved with the victim's name and the key dates of their fate. The design is deliberate: rather than a monument that towers over passers-by, it is a marker that asks you to look down, almost to pause over it. Many Madrid residents and visitors to Chamberí walk past these stones every day without noticing them, which makes it worth slowing down to read the inscription. When should you visit? The stone can be visited at any time, day or night, throughout the year, as it forms part of the public pavement. It is worth noting that 27 January marks International Holocaust Remembrance Day, a date around which Madrid often hosts additional events and themed walks dedicated to the city's Stolpersteine and the history of Spanish victims of Nazism. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into the pavement, commemorating a victim of Nazi persecution at the site of their last chosen home before deportation. Who was Pedro Díaz Clemente? A man deported to Mauthausen concentration camp in January 1941, later transferred to the Gusen subcamp, where he died in December of the same year. Is there a fee to visit the stone? No. It sits on a public pavement and is freely accessible at all times. Are there other similar stones nearby? Yes. Chamberí and other parts of Madrid contain several hundred Stolpersteine dedicated to other residents of the city who fell victim to Nazi camps.

Stolperstein dedicated to Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro is a small brass memorial stone set into the pavement at Calle Bravo Murillo 20, in the Chamberí district of Madrid, close to Glorieta de Quevedo. It was the first Stolperstein ever laid in the city — today part of a network of several hundred such markers across Madrid honoring Spanish victims of Nazism. Who was Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro? Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro was born in Madrid on July 15, 1918. He was only 18 when the Spanish Civil War broke out, and he joined the Popular Militias, taking part in the defense of Madrid and several of the war's major battles on the Republican side. After the Republic's defeat, many of its soldiers fled to France. When the German advance became unstoppable in 1940, Calcerrada was captured at Saint-Dié in the Vosges and held as a prisoner of war in a stalag. The situation of Spanish Republicans changed drastically after agreements signed between Hitler and Franco in September 1940: they lost their prisoner-of-war status and were transferred to Nazi concentration camps, most commonly Mauthausen. On January 22, 1941, Enrique was deported from the Trier stalag to Mauthausen, where he was assigned prisoner number 4479. He spent the following four years, from 1941 to 1945, in the Gusen subcamp, one of the harshest forced-labor sites in the Mauthausen system. He was among the small group of Spanish Republican prisoners who survived and lived to see the camp's liberation in 1945. He died on March 16, 2004. What is a Stolperstein, and why is this one here? Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") are an ongoing international memorial project by German artist Gunter Demnig: small brass plaques embedded in the pavement outside the last freely chosen home of a Nazi victim. Each stone records the person's name, date of birth, and fate — deportation, place of imprisonment, and, where known, date of death or survival. Calcerrada's stone stands at Bravo Murillo 20 because that is where he lived in Chamberí before the war and his deportation. Its unveiling launched the Stolpersteine program in Madrid, which has since grown to several hundred memorials across the city commemorating Spaniards deported to Nazi camps. How to get there? The stone is set into the sidewalk at Calle Bravo Murillo 20, a short walk from the Glorieta de Quevedo roundabout in the Chamberí district. The easiest way to reach it is by metro to Quevedo station (Line 2), followed by a short walk along Bravo Murillo. The surrounding area is a lively, everyday Madrid residential neighborhood with plenty of cafés and shops, so a visit pairs easily with a wider walk through Chamberí. What should you know before visiting? The Stolperstein itself is a discreet, small paving stone — easy to miss unless you're looking for it. It's worth stopping and reading the engraved text on the brass plaque up close. This is a place of remembrance rather than a conventional tourist attraction, so it's worth approaching it quietly and respectfully, especially since ordinary city life continues right around it. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? It's a brass plaque set into the pavement, commemorating a victim of Nazism at the site of their last freely chosen home. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig and now spans several dozen countries across Europe. Why does this particular stone matter for Madrid? It was the first Stolperstein unveiled in the city, which launched a broader program commemorating Spanish victims of Nazism throughout the capital. What happened to Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro? As a Republican soldier he was captured in France, and after the Hitler-Franco agreement he was deported to the Mauthausen-Gusen camp complex, where he spent four years. He survived and died in 2004 at the age of 85. Can you combine the visit with exploring the area? Yes — Chamberí is a calm, authentic Madrid neighborhood with local bars and shops, a good choice for a walk away from the crowds of the main tourist center.

Stolperstein dedicated to Eugenio Charlán Rey

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The Stolperstein dedicated to Eugenio Charlán Rey is a small brass memorial stone set into the pavement at Calle del Ferrocarril 35 in Madrid. It commemorates a former resident of the building who was swept into the Nazi camp system during the Second World War — one of many such stories tied to Spanish Republicans exiled after the Spanish Civil War. Who was Eugenio Charlán Rey? Eugenio Charlán Rey was born in 1911. He had to leave Spain during the Spanish Civil War, while the rest of his family stayed behind in Madrid, at Calle del Ferrocarril 35 — the very address where the stone honouring him now lies. After fleeing to France he was interned at the Stalag Fallingbostel prisoner-of-war camp. In 1941 he was deported to Mauthausen-Schwechat, a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp complex in Austria. Available records indicate he survived and lived to see the camp's liberation. The stone in his memory was laid in December 2023 by his relatives — Carmen, Enrique and Fernando, descendants of Eugenio's siblings. What is a Stolperstein and how do you spot one? A Stolperstein — literally a "stumbling stone" — is a small brass plaque set into the pavement or cobblestones at the last known address of a person before their deportation or persecution. The project was started by German artist Gunter Demnig, whose work now includes more than 75,000 stones laid across over 20 European countries, making it the largest decentralised memorial in the world. Each plaque carries the person's name, year of birth, and a brief account of what happened to them — where they were interned, deported, and, where known, what became of them afterwards. In Madrid, the Stolpersteine mainly commemorate Spaniards deported to camps after the Republic's defeat and their flight to France, where many were first captured as soldiers of the French army and later, stripped of any diplomatic protection as stateless refugees, sent on to Nazi concentration camps. How do you get there? The stone sits on the pavement at Calle del Ferrocarril 35, in the Arganzuela district south of central Madrid, close to Atocha station and the Madrid Río park. The easiest way there is by metro to Palos de la Frontera (line 3) or Legazpi (lines 3 and 6), followed by a short walk. The surrounding area is a quiet residential neighbourhood, so visitors should be considerate of the people who live there. The stone itself is tiny — roughly 10 by 10 centimetres — so it's easy to miss; look down right at the building's threshold. When should you visit? The stone can be seen at any time of year and any hour of the day, since it sits on an open public pavement. For photographs, early morning or late afternoon light works best, avoiding the harsh midday sun on the metal surface. It's worth combining a visit with a walk to other Stolpersteine scattered across Madrid — the city maintains an open register of installed stones, making it possible to plan a longer route through this layer of the city's history. Frequently asked questions Is there an information panel next to the stone? No — all the information is engraved on the brass plaque itself. Fuller biographies of the people commemorated are usually published by the local associations behind Madrid's Stolpersteine project. Did Eugenio Charlán Rey die in the camp? According to available records, he survived the deportation and lived to see liberation, unlike many others commemorated by similar stones in Spain. Is there an entrance fee? No, the stone is in a public space and can be visited free of charge at any time. Is it worth visiting with a guide? Yes, if you're interested in the history of Spanish Republicans deported to Nazi camps — local associations and city guides run themed walks linking several of Madrid's Stolpersteine into a single, coherent narrative.

Stolperstein dedicated to Eliane Sophie Browne Bartrolí

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The Stolperstein for Eliane Sophie Browne Bartrolí is a small memorial stone set into the pavement at Rafael Calvo 19, in the Chamberí district of Madrid. It commemorates a former resident of the street who died during the Second World War as a victim of Nazi persecution. Who was Eliane Browne Bartrolí? Eliane Sophie Browne Bartrolí was born on 6 December 1917 in Marseille. Her father, Eugene Henry Browne-Bartroli, was an English businessman based in France, while her mother, Elisa Francesca Bartroli, was Spanish. Eliane grew up between England and Spain, attending the British School in Madrid before later moving to Leicester to work in the textile trade. When the Second World War broke out, she returned to the Madrid area and took a position at the British Embassy there, later also working at the embassy in Lisbon. During this period she was recruited by the Special Operations Executive (SOE), the British organisation that coordinated resistance, sabotage and intelligence work across occupied Europe. Given the codename "Gaby," she was sent on a mission into occupied France. In the spring of 1944 the network she belonged to was betrayed. She was arrested by the Gestapo, interrogated for three weeks, and then deported to the Dachau concentration camp, where she was killed on 13 September 1944, at the age of 26. What is a Stolperstein? A Stolperstein ("stumbling stone") is a small brass plaque set into the pavement outside the last known home or workplace of a victim of Nazi persecution. The project was started by the German artist Gunter Demnig in the 1990s and has since spread to dozens of cities across Europe, including Madrid. In Chamberí, the district council approved the installation of three such stones, honouring Eliane Browne Bartrolí together with Julio Bris González and María Pilar Lubián Clemente, on the streets Rafael Calvo, Bretón de los Herreros and Sandoval. How to get there The stone lies on the pavement outside Rafael Calvo 19, in a quiet residential part of Chamberí, north of central Madrid. The area is served by metro lines 5 and 7 (Iglesia and Gregorio Marañón stations), just a short walk from the site. It's worth combining the visit with a stroll through Chamberí, one of Madrid's most characterful 19th-century residential neighbourhoods, known for its low-key cafés and relatively few tourists. What to know before visiting The stone is very small and easy to miss if you don't know exactly where to look. This is a place of remembrance rather than a conventional tourist attraction — there are no information panels or visitor facilities. It deserves the same quiet respect as any memorial to victims of war. Frequently asked questions What is a Stolperstein? A brass plaque set into the pavement, marking the last known address of a victim of Nazi persecution. Who was Eliane Browne Bartrolí? A Madrid resident connected to the British Embassy who worked for the SOE intelligence organisation during the Second World War and died at the Dachau concentration camp in 1944. Where exactly is the stone located? At Rafael Calvo 19, in the Chamberí district of Madrid. Are there other such stones nearby? Yes — two more Stolpersteine stand nearby, on Bretón de los Herreros and Sandoval, dedicated to other victims of Nazism connected to the same neighbourhood.

Monuments in Spain

Stolperstein dedicated to Constanza Martínez Prieto

Stolperstein dedicated to Enrique Martínez Barona

Stolperstein dedicated to Fortunato Gil Aldea

Stolperstein dedicated to Eugenio Martín Sanz

Stolperstein dedicated to Doroteo Gordo Alonso

Stolperstein dedicated to Juan Martín de Loeches García Morales

Stolperstein dedicated to Máximo González Casado

Stolperstein dedicated to Juan García Ramírez

Stolperstein dedicated to Eufemio García García

Stolperstein dedicated to Florentino García Hernández

Stolperstein dedicated to Manuel García García

Stolperstein dedicated to José Galinier Muñoz

Stolperstein dedicated to Manuel García Barrado

Stolperstein dedicated to Valentìn Fouce Llana

Stolperstein dedicated to Juan Antonio García Acero

Stolperstein dedicated to Andrés Fariñas Adsuar

Stolperstein dedicated to Karl Frommknecht Grosshaus

Stolperstein dedicated to Mariano Expósito Garrido

Stolperstein dedicated to Eleuterio Díaz-Tendero Merchán

Stolperstein dedicated to Luis Espejo Díaz

Stolperstein dedicated to Pedro Díaz Clemente

Stolperstein dedicated to Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro

Stolperstein dedicated to Eugenio Charlán Rey

Stolperstein dedicated to Eliane Sophie Browne Bartrolí

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