Vulcão dos Capelinhos

Vulcão dos Capelinhos is a volcanic landscape on the western tip of Faial island in the Azores, in the municipality of Capelo. The area is a protected site (PT0900020). It was created by the 1957–1958 eruption, which added a new, moon-like stretch of land to the island.

What happened in 1957–1958?

The eruption began in September 1957 just off Faial's western coast, in the sea, and lasted about 13 months. It was a classic Surtseyan eruption, meaning hot magma met seawater and violently threw out ash and rock. Surtsey, off Iceland, formed in a similar way. A small islet first rose from the water, and layers of ash and lava eventually joined it to Faial. The island gained a new peninsula as a result.

How did the eruption affect local people?

Falling ash buried nearby fields, houses and crops, and earthquakes damaged buildings. Many families in western Faial lost their property and livelihood. Emigration from the Azores rose in this period, especially to the United States, helped by special immigration rules introduced after the eruption.

What is there to see?

• Capelinhos Lighthouse. It stands at the edge of the new land. Ash half-buried it during the eruption, and the tower is now one of the site's best-known symbols. It dates from the late 19th century, and sources give differing opening dates.
• Capelinhos Volcano Interpretation Centre. A modern museum built largely underground beside the lighthouse. It covers the course of the eruption, the scientists who documented it, and the volcanism of the Azores, with photographs and film from the time.
• Viewpoint trails. Short paths cross grey and rust-coloured ash fields and loop around volcanic cones. You can see the ocean and, on clear days, Pico island and its peak.

When is the best time to visit?

Azorean weather changes quickly and the wind on the west coast can be strong, so bring a windproof jacket and sturdy shoes. Light for photographs is usually best in the morning and before sunset, when the ash slopes gain contrast. Mornings also tend to be quieter, and clouds often clear to reveal the view.

How do you get there?

Capelinhos is roughly 25 km from Horta, the island's main town. The easiest way is by car or taxi along the road through Capelo. Many visitors include it on a tour around Faial.

Frequently asked questions

Is the volcano still active? The eruption ended in 1958. The Azores lie in a tectonically active zone, however, so volcanism remains part of the archipelago's landscape.

How long does a visit take? Plan about two hours for the interpretation centre and a walk by the lighthouse.

Can you climb the lighthouse? Some sources mention that visitors can climb the tower with a visit to the centre. Check opening hours and rules before you go.

Is it suitable for families with children? Yes, the trails are short and the museum is accessible. Take care near cliff edges, as the ground can be crumbly.