St Clement Danes

St Clement Danes is an Anglican church standing on an island of traffic in the middle of the Strand in London, right next to the Royal Courts of Justice. It is the central church of the Royal Air Force and one of the most moving places in this part of the city, where Wren's Baroque architecture meets the memory of the Second World War.

What is the history of St Clement Danes?

According to tradition, the first church on this spot was founded in the 9th century by Danes who settled in the area. That early building was later replaced by a medieval church, and the present one was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and completed in 1682. It is one of the few Wren churches that stands in the middle of a busy street rather than in a quiet churchyard.

In May 1941, during the Blitz, incendiary bombs gutted the church. Only the walls and the steeple survived. The ruin stood derelict for years, until in 1953 it was taken over by the Royal Air Force. After careful reconstruction it was reconsecrated in 1958 and given its current role as the RAF's central church.

What can you see inside?

The most striking detail is the floor. More than a thousand badges of RAF squadrons and units are cut from Welsh slate and set into the paving, so you literally walk over the history of British aviation. Look also for the squadron standards and the Books of Remembrance listing airmen who died in service. There are memorials to the American and Polish air forces too, a reminder of how many nations flew alongside the RAF. Polish visitors often seek out that memorial in particular.

What is outside?

In front of the church stand statues of two RAF commanders, Hugh Dowding, who led Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain, and Arthur Harris, head of Bomber Command. They make a good photo stop, and the church tower is a handy landmark when you walk along the Strand.

Is this the "Oranges and Lemons" church?

Yes. St Clement Danes is traditionally linked with the nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons" and its line "You owe me five farthings, say the bells of St Clement's". The bells ring tunes several times a day, so if you time your visit well you may hear the rhyme played.

Practical tips

• The church is close to the Temple, Embankment and Holborn Tube stations.
• Opening hours vary between sources and can change for services and events, so check before you go. It is generally closed on bank holidays.
• A visit takes about 20 to 30 minutes and combines well with the Royal Courts of Justice, Somerset House and Covent Garden, all within a short walk.

Frequently asked questions

Who designed St Clement Danes? Sir Christopher Wren, and the building was completed in 1682.

Why is it connected to the Royal Air Force? After wartime bomb damage, the RAF took over the ruin in 1953, and it was restored and reconsecrated in 1958 as the RAF's central church.

Is it worth visiting? Yes, especially if you are interested in London's history, architecture or the story of the war in the air. Entry is normally free, though donations are welcome.